Use of Kane’s Method for Multi-Body Dynamic Modelling and Control of Spar-Type Floating Offshore Wind Turbines

Sarkar, Saptarshi; Fitzgerald, Breiffni

doi:10.3390/en14206635

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…This system of equations is solved via MATLAB ® [24] employing the Runga-Kutta 4 th order method. For further details on the derivation of these equations, the reader can refer to Sarkar et al [25].…”

Section: Multi-body Structural Dynamic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion fatigue analysis of NREL’s 15-MW offshore wind turbine with time-varying stress concentration factors

McAuliffe,

Baisthakur,

Broderick

et al. 2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Over the last twenty years, significant development in wind turbine technologies has led to a dramatic increase in the scale of wind turbines with many now beginning to be installed in offshore locations. Consequently, modern multi-megawatt offshore wind turbines are exposed to increased cyclic loading in addition to an increased risk of corrosion attack. The combination of these two factors may result in wind turbine support structures becoming increasingly vulnerable to fatigue corrosion. The objective of this work is to investigate the impact of material thinning in fatigue-prone areas with respect to fatigue loading and ultimately to examine the potential repercussions on the lifespan of wind turbine support structures. To achieve this, a composite model is constructed coupling results from a multi-body structural dynamic model with time-varying Stress Concentration Factors (SCF) obtained from a finite element model (FEM) of NREL’s 15-MW monopile-based offshore wind turbine. The nonlinear aeroelastic multi-body dynamic model of the wind turbine is used to generate stress time histories for a set of environmental conditions based on the operational conditions of the wind turbine. The finite element model of the wind turbine is then used to identify fatigue-vulnerable regions in the wind turbine support structure and calculate SCFs for these specific areas. The integration of SCFs into the fatigue calculations reduced the lifespan of the turbine tower by a factor of 4, demonstrating the importance of precisely modelling such local stress concentrations for effective fatigue analysis. A novelty of this work arises in the ability of the finite element model to update the SCFs of the fatigue-prone areas over time as corrosion-induced wastage alters the substructure’s geometry, thereby inducing a global redistribution of stresses. A fatigue analysis is carried out availing of the SCFs which vary annually in addition to the stress-time histories produced by the multi-body dynamic model. The results illustrate that the phenomenon of corrosion thinning induced an 8.9% reduction in the fatigue life of the wind turbine tower, thus emphasising the significant importance of proactive maintenance strategies to mitigate the impact of corrosion.

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Section: Multi-body Structural Dynamic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion fatigue analysis of NREL’s 15-MW offshore wind turbine with time-varying stress concentration factors

McAuliffe,

Baisthakur,

Broderick

et al. 2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…For brevity, details of the 22 DOF system are not presented in this paper. The reader will find more details in [18].…”

Section: Proposed Observer Based Controllermentioning

confidence: 99%

Observer based pitch control for load mitigation and power regulation of floating offshore wind turbines

Fitzgerald,

Sarkar

2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Most commercial wind turbines use proportional-integral (PI) collective blade-pitch control to regulate rotor speed in the above-rated wind speed regime. A significant drawback of this type of controller is that it assumes that the blades have identical structural properties and are subject to similar aerodynamic loads, which is seldom the case. Also, these controllers are designed to regulate the rotor speed and are not designed for structural vibration/load reduction. However, it is well known that blade pitch control can reduce structural loads on wind turbines. This opens up the possibility of designing controllers that use existing actuators and sensors like the blade pitch actuators to reduce structural loads/vibrations while maintaining the required rotor speed. Recent studies have investigated individual blade pitch control (IPC) to address these shortcomings. However, the vast majority of studies published in the literature depend on the availability of state measurement. Although sensors are commonly placed on all wind turbines, and some information is readily available, the measurement required by the typical state-feedback controllers is usually not available. Displacements and velocities of the blade, the tower and the floating platform are difficult to measure. This paper develops an observer-based individual blade pitch controller for load mitigation and power regulation of floating offshore wind turbines. We propose to use a Kalman filter to estimate the state from the accelerometer and strain gauge measurement for use in the state-feedback controller. The state-feedback controller was proposed previously by the authors that showed excellent performance. This paper extends the capability of the state-feedback controller by designing an observer (Kalman filter) to estimate the state from limited measurements. The proposed observer based controller is compared against a baseline proportional integral collective blade pitch controller and full state-feedback controllers to evaluate its performance. Numerical results show that the proposed output feedback controller offers performance improvements over the baseline controller, similar to the full state-feedback controller.

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“…(1) an inertial coordinate system z 1 z 2 z 3 that is established and fixed at a certain point at the sea surface; (2) a coordinate system a 1 a 2 a 3 that is attached to the tower base; (3) a coordinate system b 1 b 2 b 3 that is attached to the nacelle; (4) a coordinate system c 1 c 2 c 3 that is fixed to the low-speed shaft and rotated with it; (5) a coordinate system d 1 d 2 d 3 that is attached to the low-speed shaft and rotated with the nacelle in the yaw direction; (6) a coordinate system e 1 e 2 e 3 that is attached to the low-speed shaft and rotated in the tilt direction; (7) a coordinate system g 1 g 2 g 3 that is aligned with the rotor and rotated with it; and (8) a coordinate system f 1 f 2 f 3 that is attached to the blade and takes the cone angle of the blade into consideration [55,[76][77][78]. Although the deformation and vibration of important components in a HAWT could be described by the local coordinate system, the kinetic energy calculation shown in Equation (29) requires the local motions to be transferred into the inertial coordinate system of z 1 z 2 z 3 via rotational matrices [55].…”

Section: The Euler-lagrange Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Short Review on the Time-Domain Numerical Simulations for Structural Responses in Horizontal-Axis Offshore Wind Turbines

Ni,

Peng,

Wang

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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In addition to a carbon-neutral vision being recognized worldwide, the utilization of wind energies via horizontal-axis wind turbines, especially in offshore areas, has been intensively investigated from an academic perspective. Numerical simulations play a significant role in the design and optimization of offshore wind turbines. The current review focuses on studies concerning the numerical simulations of offshore wind turbine dynamics, including the modelling of the aerodynamic and hydrodynamic conditions of the environment and the reduced-order modelling of the wind turbine dynamic responses. In detail, the functions and mechanisms of each module in the numerical simulation of the wind turbine dynamics are articulated, which in turn demonstrates its importance for the design of offshore wind turbines, and hence the development of the offshore wind industry. Based on this review, it is argued that the vertical variations in wind velocities, the blade element momentum theory, the wave dynamic models, and the reduced-order model for structural dynamics are the major concerns for the numerical simulation of wind turbines. Consequently, such directions should be emphasized in future studies.

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Use of Kane’s Method for Multi-Body Dynamic Modelling and Control of Spar-Type Floating Offshore Wind Turbines

Cited by 17 publications

References 58 publications

Corrosion fatigue analysis of NREL’s 15-MW offshore wind turbine with time-varying stress concentration factors

Corrosion fatigue analysis of NREL’s 15-MW offshore wind turbine with time-varying stress concentration factors

Observer based pitch control for load mitigation and power regulation of floating offshore wind turbines

A Short Review on the Time-Domain Numerical Simulations for Structural Responses in Horizontal-Axis Offshore Wind Turbines

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