Use of IUD and subsequent fertility — follow-up after participation in a randomized clinical trial

Hov, Gunhild Garmo; Skjeldestad, Finn Egil; Hilstad, Torunn

doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2006.09.010

Cited by 63 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…CuIUDs gained popularity because, they are non-hormonal, highly effective, inexpensive, long-lasting (use of single device reported for 20 years), rapidly reversible and safe contraceptives (Hov et al 2007;Hubacher et al 2001;Sivin 2007;Thiery et al 1985). Currently, there are over 150 million IUD users (about 15 % of the world's women of reproductive age) around the world (Hubacher et al 2006, WHO 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of copper ions on mouse fibroblasts in vitro: effects of copper ion release from TCu380A vs TCu220C intra-uterine devices

Cao

Zheng

et al. 2012

Biomed Microdevices

109

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Sustained release of copper (Cu) ions from Cu-containing intrauterine devices (CuIUD) is quite efficient for contraception. However, the tissue surrounding the CuIUD is exposed to toxic Cu ion levels. The objective for this study was to quantify the concentration dependent cytotoxic effects of Cu ions and correlate the toxicity due to Cu ion burst release for two popular T-shaped IUDs - TCu380A and TCu220C on L929 mouse fibroblasts. Fibroblasts were cultured in 98 well tissue culture plates and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphehyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to determine their viability and proliferation as a function of time. For cell seeding numbers ranging from 10,000 to 100,000, a maximum culture time of 48 h was identified for fibroblasts without significant reduction in cell proliferation due to contact inhibition. Thus, for Cu cytotoxicity assays, a cell seeding density of 50,000 and a maximum culture time of 48 h in 96 well plates were used. 24 h after cell seeding, culture media were replaced with Cu ion containing media solutions of different concentrations, including 24 and 72 h extracts from TCuIUDs and incubated for a further 24 h. Cell viability decreased with increasing Cu ion concentration, with 30 % and 100 % reduction for 40 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml respectively at 24 h. The cytotoxic effects were further evaluated using light microscopy, apoptosis and cell cycle analysis assays. Fibroblasts became rounded and eventually detached from TCP surface due to Cu ion toxicity. A linear increase in apoptotic cell population with increasing Cu ion concentration was observed in the tested range of 0 to 50 μg/ml. Cell cycle analysis indicated the arrest of cell division for the tested 25 to 50 μg/ml Cu ion treatments. Among the TCuIUDs, TCu220C having 265 mm(2) Cu surface area released 9.08 ± 0.16 and 26.02 ± 0.25 μg/ml, while TCu380A having 400 mm(2) released 96.7 ± 0.11 and 159.3 ± 0.15 μg/ml respectively following 24 and 72 h extractions. The effects of TCuIUD extracts on viability, morphology, apoptosis and cell cycle assay on L929 mouse fibroblasts cells, were appropriate for their respective Cu ion concentrations. Thus, a concentration of about 46 μg/ml (~29 μM) was identified as the LD50 dose for L929 mouse fibroblasts when exposed for 24 h based on our MTT cell viability assay. The burst release of lethal concentration of Cu ions from TCu380A, especially at the implant site, is a cause of concern, and it is advisable to use TCuIUD designs that release Cu ions within cytotoxic limits yet therapeutic, similar to TCu220C.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of copper ions on mouse fibroblasts in vitro: effects of copper ion release from TCu380A vs TCu220C intra-uterine devices

Cao

Zheng

et al. 2012

Biomed Microdevices

109

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“…65 Other studies support a rapid return to fertility after IUD removal. 66,67 Data also address concerns about pelvic infections.…”

Section: Intrauterine Contraceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contraception for Adolescents

Ott

Sucato²

2014

Pediatrics

234

133

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A working knowledge of contraception will assist the pediatrician in both sexual health promotion as well as treatment of common adolescent gynecologic problems. Best practices in adolescent anticipatory guidance and screening include a sexual health history, screening for pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, counseling, and if indicated, providing access to contraceptives. Pediatricians’ long-term relationships with adolescents and families allow them to help promote healthy sexual decision-making, including abstinence and contraceptive use. Additionally, medical indications for contraception, such as acne, dysmenorrhea, and heavy menstrual bleeding, are frequently uncovered during adolescent visits. This technical report provides an evidence base for the accompanying policy statement and addresses key aspects of adolescent contraceptive use, including the following: (1) sexual history taking, confidentiality, and counseling; (2) adolescent data on the use and side effects of newer contraceptive methods; (3) new data on older contraceptive methods; and (4) evidence supporting the use of contraceptives in adolescent patients with complex medical conditions.

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“…IUDs themselves do not cause tubal infertility in nulliparous women, 45 and studies support a rapid return to fertility after IUD removal. 46,47 The risk of pelvic infection with IUDs occurs only during insertion. Beyond the first 21 days, IUDs do not increase rates of STIs or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).…”

Section: Iudsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contraception for Adolescents

Braverman¹,

Adelman²,

Alderman³

et al. 2014

Pediatrics

301

107

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Contraception is a pillar in reducing adolescent pregnancy rates. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that pediatricians develop a working knowledge of contraception to help adolescents reduce risks of and negative health consequences related to unintended pregnancy. Over the past 10 years, a number of new contraceptive methods have become available to adolescents, newer guidance has been issued on existing contraceptive methods, and the evidence base for contraception for special populations (adolescents who have disabilities, are obese, are recipients of solid organ transplants, or are HIV infected) has expanded. The Academy has addressed contraception since 1980, and this policy statement updates the 2007 statement on contraception and adolescents. It provides the pediatrician with a description and rationale for best practices in counseling and prescribing contraception for adolescents. It is supported by an accompanying technical report.

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Use of IUD and subsequent fertility — follow-up after participation in a randomized clinical trial

Cited by 63 publications

References 16 publications

Concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of copper ions on mouse fibroblasts in vitro: effects of copper ion release from TCu380A vs TCu220C intra-uterine devices

Concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of copper ions on mouse fibroblasts in vitro: effects of copper ion release from TCu380A vs TCu220C intra-uterine devices

Contraception for Adolescents

Contraception for Adolescents

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