Use of Ionic Liquids in Dye‐Sensitised Solar Cells

Pringle, Jennifer M.

doi:10.1002/9781118434987.ch10

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…The DFT values are systematically too low by 0.1−0.15 V but otherwise show the same trends as the measured values. Electrondonating substituents like methyl (12) or methoxy (15) destabilize the HOMO and therefore raise its energy (note the inverse scale for values vs NHE). For electron-withdrawing substituents like an ester (11), nitrile (13), or nitro (17) group the opposite effect can be observed.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(210 mg, 52%; mp 165−185 °C). 1 (1-(4-Methylphenyl)-3-(4-methylphenyl-κC 2 )imidazolin-2-ylidene-κC 2 )-bis(2,2′-bipyridine-κN,κN′)ruthenium(II) (1+) hexafluorophosphate (12). The synthesis follows the general procedure using 259 mg (0.5 mmol) of complex 5 and 172 mg (1.1 mmol) of bpy in 6 mL of DMSO.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Improving the long-term stability, cost-effectiveness, and overall efficacy of these cells has been the goal of recent research efforts. Important advances and developments are the use of perovskites instead of titania for the semiconductor anode, replacement of typical organic solvents like acetonitrile by ionic liquids, − introduction of one-electron redox couples − like Co II /Co III , and platinum-free cathodes . Only some work has been devoted to the arguably most important part, the dye.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ruthenium(II) Bipyridyl Complexes with Cyclometalated NHC Ligands

Schleicher

Leopold

Borrmann³

et al. 2017

Inorg. Chem.

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We present the synthesis and characterization of novel cyclometalated ruthenium N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes of the general formula [Ru(C^C*)(bpy)]PF (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), with the C^C* ligand being based on different 1-phenylimidazoles. They were synthesized in a one-pot procedure starting from the corresponding p-cymene NHC complexes [Ru(C^C*)(p-cymene)Cl]. Their structural, spectroscopic, and electrochemical properties were investigated by NMR, X-ray, UV/vis, and CV, as well as density functional theory methods. Because of the stronger electron-donating carbene ligands, these complexes represent a new class of bisheteroleptic dyes with improved photophysical and electrochemical properties.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ruthenium(II) Bipyridyl Complexes with Cyclometalated NHC Ligands

Schleicher

Leopold

Borrmann³

et al. 2017

Inorg. Chem.

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“…Ionic liquids have been intensively studied as replacements for traditional solvents in various chemical processes, and as electrolytes in alternative energy generation/storage devices such as lithium batteries, fuel cells, and solar cells. − Imidazolium-based ionic liquids have attracted particular attention due to their low viscosityone of the main prerequisites for a solvent to be useful, or for an electrolyte to achieve adequate performance in electrochemical devices. − However, variation in substituents on the imidazolium ring is found to have a drastic impact on transport properties, especially viscosity. A substitution of the hydrogen in the C2 position of the imidazolium ring by a methyl group (see Figure ) leads to a very significant increase in viscosity − and melting point .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Effect of the C2 Proton in Promoting Low Viscosities and High Conductivities in Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids: Part I. Weakly Coordinating Anions

et al. 2011

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1,3-Disubstituted imidazolium ionic liquids have been the subject of numerous theoretical and experimental studies due to their low viscosity-often the very lowest for any given cation/anion family. One of the mysteries in the imidazolium family of salts is the sharp increase in viscosity that is observed on methylating at the C2 position in the ring. In the nonmethylated case, the C2 proton is observed to be distinctly acidic and, where this is undesirable, substitution of the C2 position removes the problem, but produces an unexpected increase in viscosity. Methylation at other positions on the ring does not produce such a significant effect. In this study, two possible structural or energetic sources of the increased viscosity were investigated: (1) ion association, as probed by the Walden rule, and (2) differences in the potential energy surface profiles that favor ionic transport in the non C2-methylated imidazolium ionic liquids. The second hypothesis was investigated using high-level ab initio theory. The higher viscosity of C2-methylated imidazolium ionic liquids is shown to be a result of high potential energy barriers (significantly above the available thermal energy) between the energetically preferred conformations on the potential energy surface, thus restricting movement of ions in the liquid state to only small oscillations and inhibiting the overall ion transport.

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Use of Ionic Liquids in Dye‐Sensitised Solar Cells

Cited by 2 publications

References 122 publications

Ruthenium(II) Bipyridyl Complexes with Cyclometalated NHC Ligands

Ruthenium(II) Bipyridyl Complexes with Cyclometalated NHC Ligands

Understanding the Effect of the C2 Proton in Promoting Low Viscosities and High Conductivities in Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids: Part I. Weakly Coordinating Anions

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