Use of Ionic Liquids as Electrolytes in Electromechanical Actuator Systems Based on Inherently Conducting Polymers

Ding, Jie; Zhou, Dezhi; Spinks, Geoffrey M.; Wallace, Gordon G.; Forsyth, Stewart A.; Forsyth, Maria; MacFarlane, Douglas R.

doi:10.1021/cm020918k

Cited by 276 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…An IL [EMIm][N(Tf) 2 ] has been evaluated for use as electrolyte for electromechanical actuators based on polypyrrole (21). The actuator performance in IL electrolytes is significantly better than that in traditional organic and aqueous electrolytes.…”

Section: Development Of Methods Where Il Are Used As Novel Media Elementioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquids in Chemical Analysis

Koel

2005

Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry

328

195

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Room-temperature ionic liquids are salts with a melting point close to or below room temperature. They form liquids composed in the majority of ions. This gives these materials the potential to behave very differently when they are used as solvents compared to conventional molecular liquids. The search for their application is growing in every area of analytical chemistryelectrochemistry, chromatography, electrophoresis, and even mass spectrometry. The literature on ionic liquids is growing almost exponentially. The basis for this activity is the easy preparation of salts with different ion constituents. This ability might best be described as the "chemical tunability" of ionic liquids, a class of solvents with members possessing similar physical properties but having different chemical behavior. Their good solvating properties, together with large spectral transparency, make ionic liquids suitable solvents for spectroscopic measurements. It has been demonstrated that task-specific ionic liquids have advantages compared to common solvents used as separation media in liquid-liquid extraction processes achieving high efficiencies and selectivities of separation. The main advantage for other applications of ionic liquids in analytical chemistry lies in their low volatility which makes them useful as solvents for working in both high-temperature (gas chromatography (GC) stationary phases) and high-vacuum (MALDI matrixes) environments. When using an ionic liquid as an electrolyte medium, it is possible to achieve a broader range of operational temperatures and conditions relative to other conventional electrolytic media, and this makes ionic liquids promising materials in various electrochemical devices (e.g., batteries, fuel cells, sensors, and electrochromic windows).

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Section: Development Of Methods Where Il Are Used As Novel Media Elementioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquids in Chemical Analysis

Koel

2005

Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry

328

195

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“…The drawback of that microrobotic arm was that it could only operate in water. Recently, a so-called trilayer geometry has been used to allow CPs actuators working in air [12,13]. Two slightly different concepts are used to fabricate this trilayer structure.…”

Section: Soft Actuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two slightly different concepts are used to fabricate this trilayer structure. The first one uses a commercial polyvinylidene difluoride (PVdF) membrane which is coated with a sputtered Au layer on both sides followed by an electrochemically synthesized Polypyrrole (PPy) layer on either side [12]. The other uses an interpenetrating network (IPN) as the electrolytic membrane into which poly3,4ethylenedioxythipopheneis chemically synthesized on both sides [13].…”

Section: Soft Actuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft, flexible micromanipulators comprising polypyrrole trilayer microactuators

et al. 2015

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Within the areas of cell biology, biomedicine and minimal invasive surgery, there is a need for soft, flexible and dextrous biocompatible manipulators for handling biological objects, such as single cells and tissues. Present day technologies are based on simple suction using micropipettes for grasping objects. The micropipettes lack the possibility of accurate force control, nor are they soft and compliant and may thus cause damage to the cells or tissue. Other micromanipulators use conventional electric motors however the further miniaturization of electrical motors and their associated gear boxes and/or push/pull wires has reached its limits. Therefore there is an urgent need for new technologies for micromanipulation of soft biological matter. We are developing soft, flexible micromanipulators such as micro-tweezers for the handling and manipulation of biological species including cells and surgical tools for minimal invasive surgery. Our aim is to produce tools with minimal dimensions of 100 μm to 1 mm in size, which is 1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than existing technology. We present newly developed patterning and microfabrication methods for polymer microactuators as well as the latest results to integrate these microactuators into easy to use manipulation tools. The outcomes of this study contribute to the realisation of low-foot print devices articulated with electroactive polymer actuators for which the physical interface with the power source has been a significant challenge limiting their application. Here, we present a new bottom-up microfabrication process. We show for the first time that such a bottom-up fabricated actuator performs a movement in air. This is a significant step towards widening the application areas of the soft microactuators. ABSTRACTWithin the areas of cell biology, biomedicine and minimal invasive surgery, there is a need for soft, flexible and dextrous biocompatible manipulators for handling biological objects, such as single cells and tissues. Present day technologies are based on simple suction using micropipettes for grasping objects. The micropipettes lack the possibility of accurate force control, nor are they soft and compliant and may thus cause damage to the cells or tissue. Other micromanipulators use conventional electric motors however the further miniaturization of electrical motors and their associated gear boxes and/or push/pull wires has reached its limits. Therefore there is an urgent need for new technologies for micromanipulation of soft biological matter.We are developing soft, flexible micromanipulators such as micro-tweezers for the handling and manipulation of biological species including cells and surgical tools for minimal invasive surgery. Our aim is to produce tools with minimal dimensions of 100 μm to 1 mm in size, which is 1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than existing technology. We present newly developed patterning and microfabrication methods for polymer microactuators as well as the latest results to integrate these microactuators i...

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“…Among the many advantages of ILs include its intrinsic properties such as low toxicity, non-flammability, high ionic conductivity, high thermal and chemical stability, and ability to dissolve the organic and inorganic compounds in a wide temperature range near room temperature [14] [15]. Use of ILs in the production of conducting polymers has been studied in aromatic systems such as polypyrrole [16], polythiophene [17], vinyl benzotriazole [18] and in systems such as methylmethacrylate [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkyl Thiophene Vinylene Electropolimerization in C<sub>8</sub>mimPF<sub>6</sub>, Potential Use in Solar Cells

Rojas¹,

Martínez²,

Bernède³

et al. 2017

MSA

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We report the electrosynthesis of a novel semiconductor polymer based on alkyl vinylthiophene derivative in the presence of an ionic liquid (IL). The polymerization was performed under galvanostatic conditions and the polymer was studied as potential donor component of a multilayer heterojunction organic solar cell (OSC). The monomer used was (E)-1,2-di-(3-octyl-2-thienyl) vinylene (OTV) and the IL used for the electropolymerization was 1-octyl-3-methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate C 8 mimPF 6 . Optical properties, stability and morphology of the polymer were analyzed using FT-IR, UV-vis, Raman and XPS spectroscopy. Voltammetry analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX) were also performed on the polymer. The OSC assembled with the polymer of OTV was used as electro donor and C 60 as acceptor. Molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ) and bathocuproine (BCP) were used as buffer layer between anode and cathode respectively. I-V curves, in the dark and under AM 1.5 solar simulator were performed to measure its efficiency.

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Use of Ionic Liquids as Electrolytes in Electromechanical Actuator Systems Based on Inherently Conducting Polymers

Cited by 276 publications

References 33 publications

Ionic Liquids in Chemical Analysis

Ionic Liquids in Chemical Analysis

Soft, flexible micromanipulators comprising polypyrrole trilayer microactuators

Alkyl Thiophene Vinylene Electropolimerization in C<sub>8</sub>mimPF<sub>6</sub>, Potential Use in Solar Cells

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Use of Ionic Liquids as Electrolytes in Electromechanical Actuator Systems Based on Inherently Conducting Polymers

Cited by 276 publications

References 33 publications

Ionic Liquids in Chemical Analysis

Ionic Liquids in Chemical Analysis

Soft, flexible micromanipulators comprising polypyrrole trilayer microactuators

Alkyl Thiophene Vinylene Electropolimerization in C&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt;mimPF&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;, Potential Use in Solar Cells

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Alkyl Thiophene Vinylene Electropolimerization in C<sub>8</sub>mimPF<sub>6</sub>, Potential Use in Solar Cells