Use of Insulin in Outpatient Diabetes Management

New Contributions Towards Meal and Exercise Announcement-Free Artificial Pancreas Systems

“…These subcutaneous insulin intensive regimes intend to mimic the pancreatic insulin secretion to lower the blood glucose, following a basal-bolus pattern. On the one hand, basal insulin covers the daily insulin demands for liver, adipose tissue, and muscle during starvation (Faradji et al 2019a). To imitate this pattern subcutaneously, one or two shots of ultra-long or long-acting insulin are delivered in the multiple daily injection therapy, or a continuous delivery of rapid or fast insulin is infused for pump-based treatments.…”

“…To imitate this pattern subcutaneously, one or two shots of ultra-long or long-acting insulin are delivered in the multiple daily injection therapy, or a continuous delivery of rapid or fast insulin is infused for pump-based treatments. On the other hand, the bolus insulin reduces the postprandial (after meals) glucose increase by promoting glucose uptake and inhibiting endogenous production (Faradji et al 2019a). The insulin boluses are delivered as peaks of rapid-acting insulin at mealtime, ideally 15-20 min earlier (Weinzimer et al 2008).…”