Use of infrared thermography for the diagnosis and grading of sprained ankle injuries

Oliveira, João; Vardasca, Ricardo; Pimenta, Madalena; Gabriel, Joaquim; Torres, João

doi:10.1016/j.infrared.2016.04.014

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Description of the control variables: ambient temperature, relative humidity, time of acclimatization, position used, number of studies that used the same parameter and the bibliographic references. 19 (2012); Bandeira et al 4 (2014); Brioschi et al 12 (2009); Chudecka et al 17 (2015); Lima et al 10 (2015); Silva et al 21 (2017); Zaproudina et al 22 (2006) During the implementation of the program of exercises on the treadmill 1 Merla et al 18 (2009) Sitting in a chair with his limbs parallel to each other 1 Oliveira et al 19 (2016) area possibly affected can be compared with the contralateral region of the body, 14 and this asymmetry can be able to demonstrate physiological and metabolic changes. 6,12,14 However, some doubts in relation to the control variables for the use of the TIR underline the need for further studies that specify and justify best how to control these variables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Thermography and Its Control Variables: A Systematic Review

Viegas

Mello

Rodrigues

et al. 2020

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Introduction: Muscle injuries are the most frequent cause of physical disability in sports, representing a large percentage of all sports injuries. In high-performance sports in particular, there is great interest in optimizing the process of diagnosis and rehabilitation of muscle injuries in order to reduce the amount of time taken off by athletes due to their injuries. Infrared thermography, or cutaneous thermometry, is a technique used for complementary investigation of pain. It provides thermal imaging with an infrared camera, to measure the surface temperature of the body. Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the use of thermography as a functional evaluation for the identification and prevention of muscle injuries, and of the control variables used in its applicability. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in the MEDLINE, ResearchGate and Scielo databases, using the search terms: “thermography”, “muscle injury”, “rehabilitation” and “diagnosis”, searching on articles published from 2000 to 2017, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. The eligibility criteria for the studies was the use of thermography as an outcome, and the reporting of standards for evaluating skin temperature variation in athletes. Results: Following the systematic review, 94 studies were retrieved. Of these, only 12 met the criteria for inclusion in the study. Conclusion: Thermography is a suitable tool for the evaluation and prevention of muscle injuries in athletes, and care should be taken with the control variables during its use. The most efficient variables for capturing the thermographic image appear to be an environment with a temperature of between 18 and 25°C, for 15 minutes for acclimatization, and with the individual placed in a pre-determined position, depending on the body segment being evaluated, without contact with another object. Level of evidence I; Systematic review.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Thermography and Its Control Variables: A Systematic Review

Viegas

Mello

Rodrigues

et al. 2020

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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“…Before performing the thermal imaging experiment, acclimatization period (15 min) was given to each participant based on the thermal imaging experiment protocol of previous studies (25,40,41). To normalize the temperature of the feet after removing each cast, the affected feet were cleaned by normal water and followed by all participants were asked to wait for 10 min in the testing room temperature, and 5 min were spent for explaining the testing procedures to the parents of children.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, there are number of studies used infrared thermography to screen existing medical conditions or progress of the disease, and evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment methods (20). For instance, thermography evaluation for coccygodynia after manipulative therapy (24), ankle sprains (25), open heart surgeries, reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSD), and neurological conditions (26), deep vein thrombosis (27,28), soccer athletes injuries (29,30), muscle injuries (31), as a diagnostic evaluation and validation tool for osteopathic management in backpain (32), tendinopathy (33), gastrocnemius-soleus equinus (30), postoperative evaluation for total knee arthroplasty (34), hand-osteoarthritis (35), rheumatoid arthritis (36), juvenile rheumatoid Arthritis (37), knee-osteoarthritis (38), and for detecting the skin and breast cancer, burns, arthritis and skin allergic conditions (39).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared Thermal Imaging for Evaluation of Clubfoot After the Ponseti Casting Method—An Exploratory Study

Ganesan

Yip

Luximon³

et al. 2021

Front. Pediatr.

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Background: Conservative treatment, Ponseti method, has been considered as a standard method to correct the clubfoot deformity among Orthopedic society. Although the result of conservative methods have been reported with higher success rates than surgical methods, many more problems have been reported due to improper casting, casting pressure or bracing discomfort. Nowadays, infrared thermography (IRT) is widely used as a diagnostic tool to assess musculoskeletal disorders or injuries by detecting temperature abnormalities. Similarly, the foot skin temperature evaluation can be added along with the current subjective evaluation to predict if there is any casting pressure, excessive manipulation, or overcorrections of the foot, and other bracing pressure-related complications.Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to explore the foot skin temperature changes before and after using of manipulation and weekly castings.Methods: This is an explorative study design. Infrared Thermography (IRT), E33 FLIR thermal imaging camera model, was used to collect the thermal images of the clubfoot before and after casting intervention. A total of 120 thermal images (Medial region of the foot–24, Lateral side of the foot–24, Dorsal side of the foot−24, Plantar side of the foot−24, and Heel area of the foot–24) were collected from the selected regions of the clubfoot.Results: The results of univariate statistical analysis showed that significant temperature changes in some regions of the foot after casting, especially, at the 2nd (M = 32.05°C, SD = 0.77, p = 0.05), 3rd (M = 31.61, SD = 1.11; 95% CI: 31.27–31.96; p = 0.00), and 6th week of evaluation on the lateral side of the foot (M = 31.15°C, SD = 1.59; 95% CI: 30.75–31.54, p = 0.000). There was no significant temperature changes throughout the weekly casting in the medial side of the foot. In the heel side of the foot, significant temperature changes were noticed after the third and fourth weeks of casting.Conclusion: This study found that a decreased foot skin temperature on the dorsal and lateral side of the foot at the 6th week of thermography evaluation. The finding of this study suggest that the infrared thermography (IRT) might be useful as an adjunct assessment tool to evaluate the thermophysiological changes, which can be used to predict the complications caused by improper casting, over manipulative or stretching and casting-pressure related complications.

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“…To the best of our knowledge, very few studies has been conducted to quantify the distribution of skin temperature of normal foot (Uematsu et al, 1988 ; Niu et al, 2001 ; Sun et al, 2005 ; Zaproudina et al, 2008 ; Vardasca et al, 2012 ). Oliveira et al ( 2016 ) proposed a grading and diagnostic system for ankle sprains by using thermography. However, no studies have been conducted on the temperature distribution of clubfoot.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a Three-Dimensional (3D) Assessment Method for Clubfoot—A Study Protocol

et al. 2018

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Background: Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) or clubfoot is a common pediatric congenital foot deformity that occurs 1 in 1,000 live births. Clubfoot is characterized by four types of foot deformities: hindfoot equinus; midfoot cavus; forefoot adductus; and hindfoot varus. A structured assessment method for clubfoot is essential for quantifying the initial severity of clubfoot deformity and recording the progress of clubfoot intervention.Aim: This study aims to develop a three-dimensional (3D) assessment method to evaluate the initial severity of the clubfoot and monitor the structural changes of the clubfoot after each casting intervention. In addition, this study explores the relationship between the thermophysiological changes in the clubfoot at each stage of the casting intervention and in the normal foot.Methods: In this study, a total of 10 clubfoot children who are <2 years old will be recruited. Also, the data of the unaffected feet of a total of 10 children with unilateral clubfoot will be obtained as a reference for normal feet. A Kinect 3D scanner will be used to collect the 3D images of the clubfoot and normal foot, and an Infrared thermography camera (IRT camera) will be used to collect the thermal images of the clubfoot. Three-dimensional scanning and IR imaging will be performed on the foot once a week before casting. In total, 6–8 scanning sessions will be performed for each child participant. The following parameters will be calculated as outcome measures to predict, monitor, and quantify the severity of the clubfoot: Angles cross section parameters, such as length, width, and the radial distance; distance between selected anatomical landmarks, and skin temperature of the clubfoot and normal foot. The skin temperature will be collected on selected areas (forefoot, mid foot, and hindfoot) to find out the relationship between the thermophysiological changes in the clubfoot at each stage of the casting treatment and in the normal foot.Ethics: The study has been reviewed and approved on 17 August 2016 by the Sydney Children's Hospitals Network Human Research Ethics Committee (SCHN HREC), Sydney, Australia. The Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) registration number for this study is: HREC/16/SCHN/163.

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Use of infrared thermography for the diagnosis and grading of sprained ankle injuries

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

The Use of Thermography and Its Control Variables: A Systematic Review

The Use of Thermography and Its Control Variables: A Systematic Review

Infrared Thermal Imaging for Evaluation of Clubfoot After the Ponseti Casting Method—An Exploratory Study

Developing a Three-Dimensional (3D) Assessment Method for Clubfoot—A Study Protocol

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