Use of Indocyanine Green for Detecting the Sentinel Lymph Node in Breast Cancer Patients: From Preclinical Evaluation to Clinical Validation

Chi, Chongwei; Ye, Jinzuo; Ding, Haolong; He, Defeng; Huang, Wen‐He; Zhang, Guo‐Jun; Tian, Jie

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083927

Cited by 66 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…e Preoperative preparation in the operating room. f Intraoperative diagnosis with a surgical navigation system carried out during the surgery [16]. nodes in patients receiving ICG.…”

Section: The Developing Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Sentinel Lymph Nodes with Near-Infrared Imaging in Malignancies

Zeng

Bai

et al. 2018

Mol Imaging Biol

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Optical molecular imaging, a highly sensitive and noninvasive technique which is simple to operate, inexpensive, and has the real-time capability, is increasingly being used in the diagnosis and treatment of carcinomas. The near-infrared fluorescence dye indocyanine green (ICG) is widely used in optical imaging for the dynamic detection of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in real time improving the detection rate and accuracy. ICG has the advantages of low scattering in tissue absorbance, low auto-fluorescence, and high signal-to-background ratio. The detection rate of axillary sentinel lymph nodes biopsy (SLNB) in breast cancers with ICG was more than 95 %, the false-negative rate was lower than 10 %, and the average detected number ranged from 1.75 to 3.8. The combined use of ICG with nuclein or blue dye resulted in a lower falsenegative rate. ICG is also being used for the sentinel node detection in other malignant cancers such as head and neck, gastrointestinal, and gynecological carcinomas. In this article, we provide an overview of numerous studies that used the near-infrared fluorescence imaging to detect the sentinel lymph nodes in breast carcinoma and other malignant cancers. It is expected that with improvements in the optical imaging systems together with the use of a combination of multiple dyes and verification in large clinical trials, optical molecular imaging will become an essential tool for SLN detection and image-guided precise resection.

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“…e Preoperative preparation in the operating room. f Intraoperative diagnosis with a surgical navigation system carried out during the surgery [16]. nodes in patients receiving ICG.…”

Section: The Developing Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another multi-spectral system developed by the Technical University Munich, Germany, also had been used in ovarian cancers [15]. The molecular image-guided surgery system GXMA Navigator developed by Chinese Academy of Sciences has been used in the SLNB in breast cancers and gastric cancers [16]. 3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Sentinel Lymph Nodes with Near-Infrared Imaging in Malignancies

Zeng

Bai

et al. 2018

Mol Imaging Biol

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“…[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Imaging with far-red and near-infrared absorbing and emitting dyes such as cyanine, squaraine, thiazine, oxazine, porphyrins, and phthalocyanines, is commmonplace and most of them have been approved for clinical trials. [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] Recently, a new class of dyes, borondipyrromethane (BODIPY) derivatives, have emerged and gained popularity. [48][49][50][51][52][53] However, imaging with small molecules have some challenges in both their optical performance and delivery to the tissue of interest, such as water insolubility, aggregation, low quantum yield, insufficient photostability, low tumor to background ratio, and short in vivo circulation lifetimes.…”

Section: Small Molecule Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mini-review: fluorescence imaging in cancer cells using dye-doped nanoparticles

2016

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Fluorescence imaging has gained increased attention over the past two decades as a viable means to detect a variety of cancers. Fluorescence imaging has the potential to provide physicians with high resolution images with enhanced contrast, which will allow them to be able to better diagnose and treat patients with cancer. Early detection and treatment are key to erradicating cancer in a patient, and fluorescence imaging has the ability to identify non-advanced, even pre-cancerous, tumors where imaging based on white light or radiation overlooked them. Several fluorescent dyes have been identified as possible fluorophores for enhanced fluorescence imaging, such as cyanine, squaraine, porphyrin, phthalocyanine, and borondipyrromethane dyes. These dyes have high fluorescence quantum yields, which provides a high target to background ratio; however, these dyes are often plagued by low water solubility. This low solubility can be ameliorated by conjugating or covalently attaching these dyes to polymeric crosslinked micelles, polymersomes, or polymer-core nanoparticles. These particle & dye systems then can become platforms on which secondary components can be attached to enhance the systems functionality. For example, dyes attached to these nanocarriers can target tumors through passive targeting; however, active targeting can be achieved by further modifying these nanocarriers with ligands that have a binding affinity for receptors overexpressed in tumor cells, cell surface receptors located on the tumor cell membrane, or endothelium. Fluorescence activation of the probes is another promising technology for the early detection of cancer. Activation requires that there be a change in fluorescence, whether it be an emission wavelength change or a fluorescence "on/off" signal when in the presence of some external stimuli. Activation increase the target to background ratio and enhances the contrast of the obtained image. This review serves to highlight the recent developments of (1) improved fluorescent dyes for the detection of cancer, with a specific focus on dyes that are being coupled to nanocarriers; (2) dye & nanocarrier systems that target, both actively and passively, tumors, and (3) fluorescence activation of these fluorophore systems for better image quality.

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“…Yokoyama and colleagues showed significant contrast between tumor and normal tissues when ICG fluorescence was used in endoscopic procedures in head and neck cancer [65]. Achieving adequate penetration depth remains a challenge and research is on-going to build a system that can increase the detection depth and generate a threedimensional image of the tumor [63,66,67]. Ale and colleagues have evaluated the performance of a hybrid system that generates image using X-ray computed tomography and fluorescence molecular tomography.…”

Section: Imaging Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is expressed on neo-epithelial cells and has shown important role in cancer-associated angiogenesis, cell proliferation, migration and metastasis. A peptide like scaffold molecule RAFT-c-(-RGDfK-) 4 has shown to target avb3 integrin in vivo and in vitro [66][67][68][69][70]. This peptide has been conjugated to multiple fluorophores or coupled with quantum dots to visualize avb3 integrin positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [75][76][77][78][79].…”

Section: Head and Neck Image Guided Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%