Use of implicit motor imagery for visual shape discrimination as revealed by PET

Parsons, Lawrence M.; Fox, Peter T.; Downs, J. Hunter; Glass, Thomas G.; Hirsch, Taylor; Martin, Charles C.; Jerabek, Paul; Lancaster, Jack L.

doi:10.1038/375054a0

Cited by 629 publications

(400 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Moreover, the fact that SMA is activated during task responding while more rostral mesial areas are recruited during task processing strengthens Wexler's thesis that mental rotation recruits motor planning and anticipation, but not the cortical and subcortical mechanisms responsible for movement execution (Wexler et al, 1998). It has been speculated that M1 activity, during mental rotation of figures of hands, was caused by the subjects visualizing themselves manipulating their right hands (Parsons et al, 1995;Kosslyn et al, 1998). Due to the stimuli used in our study, we cannot rule out that M1 might be involved in spatial processing of hand-like drawings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Human motor cortex activity during mental rotation

et al. 2003

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The functional role of human premotor and primary motor cortex during mental rotation has been studied using functional MRI at 3 T. Fourteen young, male subjects performed a mental rotation task in which they had to decide whether two visually presented cubes could be identical. Exploratory Fuzzy Cluster Analysis was applied to identify brain regions with stimulus-related time courses. This revealed one dominant cluster which included the parietal cortex, premotor cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex that showed signal enhancement during the whole stimulus presentation period, reflecting cognitive processing. A second cluster, encompassing the contralateral primary motor cortex, showed activation exclusively after the button press response. This clear separation was possible in 3 subjects only, however. Based on these exploratory results, the hypothesis that primary motor cortex activity was related to button pressing only was tested using a parametric approach via a random-effects group analysis over all 14 subjects in SPM99. The results confirmed that the stimulus response via button pressing causes activation in the primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area while parietal cortex and mesial regions rostral to the supplementary motor area are recruited for the actual mental rotation process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Human motor cortex activity during mental rotation

et al. 2003

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“…These regions have been involved in a number of studies in motor imagery (see reviews from Grèzes and Decety, 2001;Munzert et al, 2009). Several studies using neuroimaging (Kosslyn et al, 2001), transcranial magnetic stimulation (Ganis et al, 2000), or clinical investigations (Sirigu et al, 1996) showed that motor imagery shares neural mechanisms with movement planning (Decety et al, 1989) and movement execution (Gerardin et al, 2000;Parsons et al, 1995), in particular in premotor cortex (e.g. Ionta et al, 2010) and parietal cortex (e.g.…”

Section: Shared Spectral and Anatomical Mechanisms Between Motor Imagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shared electrophysiology mechanisms of body ownership and motor imagery

Evans

Blanke

2013

NeuroImage

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Although we feel, see, and experience our hands as our own (body or hand ownership), recent research has shown that illusory hand ownership can be induced for fake or virtual hands and may be useful for neuroprosthetics and brain-computer interfaces. Despite the vast amount of behavioral data on illusory hand ownership, neuroimaging studies are rare, in particular electrophysiological studies. Thus, while the neural systems underlying hand ownership are relatively well described, the spectral signatures of body ownership as measured by electroencephalography (EEG) remain elusive. Here we induced illusory hand ownership in an automated, computer-controlled manner using virtual reality while recording 64-channel EEG and found that illusory hand ownership is reflected by a body-specific modulation in the mu-band over fronto-parietal cortex. In a second experiment in the same subjects, we then show that mu as well as beta-band activity in highly similar fronto-parietal regions was also modulated during a motor imagery task often used in paradigms employing non-invasive brain-computer interface technology. These data provide insights into the electrophysiological brain mechanisms of illusory hand ownership and their strongly overlapping mechanisms with motor imagery in fronto-parietal cortex. They also highlight the potential of combining high-resolution EEG with virtual reality setups and automatized stimulation protocols for systematic, reproducible stimulus presentation in cognitive neuroscience, and may inform the design of non-invasive brain-computer interfaces.

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“…First, many brain-imaging studies of mental image transformation report activation of motor and visuomotor areas, in particular posterior parietal cortex and motor and premotor cortex. For example, Parsons et al (1995) used positron emission tomography (PET) to study mental rotation of hands. They found activation of supplementary motor cortex and the superior premotor areas, as well as motor-related parietal regions.…”

Section: Mental Image Transformation and Motor Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor processes in mental rotation

1998

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Much indirect evidence supports the hypothesis that transformations of mental images are at least in part guided by motor processes, even in the case of images of abstract objects rather than of body parts. For example, rotation may be guided by processes that also prime one to see results of a specific motor action. We directly test the hypothesis by means of a dual-task paradigm in which subjects perform the Cooper-Shepard mental rotation task while executing an unseen motor rotation in a given direction and at a previously-learned speed. Four results support the inference that mental rotation relies on motor processes. First, motor rotation that is compatible with mental rotation results in faster times and fewer errors in the imagery task than when the two rotations are incompatible. Second, the angle through which subjects rotate their mental images, and the angle through which they rotate a joystick handle are correlated, but only if the directions of the two rotations are compatible. Third, motor rotation modifies the classical inverted V-shaped mental rotation response time function, favoring the direction of the motor rotation; indeed, in some cases motor rotation even shifts the location of the minimum of this curve in the direction of the motor rotation. Fourth, the preceding effect is sensitive not only to the direction of the motor rotation, but also to the motor speed. A change in the speed of motor rotation can correspondingly slow down or speed up the mental rotation.

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Use of implicit motor imagery for visual shape discrimination as revealed by PET

Cited by 629 publications

References 17 publications

Human motor cortex activity during mental rotation

Human motor cortex activity during mental rotation

Shared electrophysiology mechanisms of body ownership and motor imagery

Motor processes in mental rotation

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