Use of implementation science in tobacco control intervention studies in the USA between 2000 and 2020: a scoping review protocol

Abstract

IntroductionDespite continuing efforts to reduce tobacco use in the USA, decline in smoking rates have stalled and smoking remains a major contributor to preventable death. Implementation science could potentially improve uptake and impact of evidence-based tobacco control interventions; however, no previous studies have systematically examined how implementation science has been used in this field. Our scoping review will describe the use of implementation science in tobacco control in the USA, identify relevant gaps in research and suggest future directions for implementation science application to tobacco control.Methods and analysisOur team, including a medical research librarian, will conduct a scoping review guided primarily by Arksey and O’Malley’s methodology. We will search English language peer-reviewed literature published from 2000 to 31 December 2020 for terms synonymous with ‘tobacco use’, ‘prevention’, ‘cessation’ and ‘implementation science’. The databases included in this search are MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), PsycINFO (ProQuest), ERIC (ProQuest) and the Cochrane Library (Wiley). We will include cohort and quasi-experimental studies, single-group experiments and randomised trials that report qualitative and/or quantitative data related to applying implementation science to the planning and/or delivery of interventions to prevent or decrease the use of tobacco products. Studies must target potential or active tobacco users, intervention providers such as educators or healthcare professionals, or US policy-makers. A minimum of two reviewers will independently examine each title and abstract for relevance, and each eligible full text for inclusion and analysis. Use of implementation science, demonstrated by explicit reference to implementation frameworks, strategies or outcomes, will be extracted from included studies and summarised.Ethics and disseminationThis study is exempt from ethics board approval. We will document the equity-orientation of included studies with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-Equity Extension checklist. Results will be submitted for conferences and peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberOpen Science Framework Registry (6YRK8).

Implementation and Outcomes of a Maternal Smoking Cessation Program for a Multi-ethnic Cohort in California, USA, 2012–2019

“…Increasingly, there has been a call for the inclusion of implementation strategies to inform the uptake and impact of evidence-based smoking cessation programs [19,39]. However, in the synthesized evidence, individual-level (vs. populationlevel) smoking cessation interventions for pregnant women have tended to differ substantially relevant to main intervention strategies, intensity, duration, and in the people involved in their implementation [5,18].…”

Smoking cessation interventions and implementations in Japan: a study protocol for a scoping review and supplemental survey

“…Non-hospital settings such as local communities or workplaces are also important as touchpoints for smokers. 18 Although there are several studies focusing on implementation at non-hospital settings, 19 20 few reviews have covered various settings for smoking cessation implementation. In a previous meta-analysis exploring the implementation of workplace-based policies and practices targeting behavioural risks, including tobacco use, only two out of the six included studies focused on tobacco-related interventions.…”

“…Non-hospital settings such as local communities or workplaces are also important as touchpoints for smokers 18. Although there are several studies focusing on implementation at non-hospital settings,19 20 few reviews have covered various settings for smoking cessation implementation.…”