Use of Hydrothermal Carbonization and Cold Atmospheric Plasma for Surface Modification of Brewer’s Spent Grain and Activated Carbon

Krochmalny, Krystian; Pawlak–Kruczek, Halina; Skoczylas, Norbert; Kudasik, Mateusz; Gajda, Aleksandra; Gnatowska, Renata; Serafin-Tkaczuk, Monika; Czapka, Tomasz; Jaiswal, Amit K.; Vishwajeet,; Arora, Amit; Hardy, T.; Jackowski, Mateusz; Ostrycharczyk, Michał; Niedźwiecki, Łukasz

doi:10.3390/en15124396

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 42 publications

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“…An important advantage of plasma gasification with respect to different types of waste is its ability to perform vitrification [47]. The use of plasma for modification of the surface of different materials [48], including hydrochars, has also been reported [49][50][51][52][53]. Some authors also reported the use of plasma for the degradation of organic pollutants [54].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Experimental, Modeling, and Simulation Studies of Plasma in Sustainable Green Energy

Arshad,

Saeed,

Tahir

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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This comprehensive review paper offers a multifaceted examination of non-thermal plasma applications in addressing the complex challenge of tar removal within biomass-oriented technologies. It begins with a concise introduction to the research background, setting the context for our exploration. The research framework is then unveiled, providing a structured foundation for understanding the intricate dynamics of plasma–tar interactions. As we delve deeper into the subject, we elucidate the reactivity of tar compounds and the transformation of alkali metals through plasma-based methodologies, essential factors in enhancing product gas quality. Through an array of empirical studies, we investigated the nuanced interactions between plasma and diverse materials, yielding crucial insights into plasma kinetics, modeling techniques, and the optimization of plasma reactors and processes. Our critical review also underscores the indispensable role of kinetic modeling and simulation in advancing sustainable green energy technologies. By harnessing these analytical tools, researchers can elevate system efficiency, reduce emissions, and diversify the spectrum of available renewable energy sources. Furthermore, we delve into the intricate realm of modeling plasma behavior and its intricate interplay with various constituents, illuminating a path toward innovative plasma-driven solutions. This comprehensive review highlights the significance of holistic research efforts that encompass empirical investigations and intricate theoretical modeling, collectively advancing the frontiers of plasma-based technologies within the dynamic landscape of sustainable energy. The insights gained from this review contribute to the overall understanding of plasma technologies and their role in achieving a greener energy landscape.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Experimental, Modeling, and Simulation Studies of Plasma in Sustainable Green Energy

Arshad,

Saeed,

Tahir

et al. 2023

Sustainability

Self Cite

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Phenanthrene sorption studies on coffee waste– and diatomaceous earth–based adsorbents, and adsorbent regeneration with cold atmospheric plasma

Stavrinou

Θεοδωροπούλου

Aggelopoulos

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Phenanthrene (PHE) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon categorized as a high priority organic pollutant being toxic for the ecosystem and human health, and its sorption on natural organic or inorganic substances seems a well-promising method for its removal from water streams. The goals of the present work are (i) to assess the capacity of low-cost adsorbents fabricated by treating coffee wastes and diatomaceous earth to remove PHE from water; (ii) to elucidate the role of the pore structure on PHE sorption dynamics; and (iii) to assess the potential to regenerate adsorbents loaded with PHE, by using the novel technology of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP). Diatomaceous earth (DE) and DE pre-treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or phosphoric acid (H3PO4) were chosen as inorganic adsorbents. Coffee waste (CW) and activated carbons (AC) produced from its pyrolysis at 800 °C (CWAC), either untreated (CWAC-800) or pre-treated with NaOH (CWAC-NaOH-800) and H3PO4 (CWAC-H3PO4-800), were chosen as organic adsorbents. The adsorbents were characterized with nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and mercury intrusion porosimetry. Based on the PHE sorption capacity and pore structure/surface characteristics, the CWAC-NaOH-800 was chosen as the most efficient adsorbent for further equilibrium and kinetic sorption studies. The multi-compartment model was used to describe the PHE sorption dynamics in CWAC-NaOH-800 by accounting for the pore/surface diffusion and instantaneous sorption. The CWAC-NaOH-800 exhibited remarkable values for (i) the specific surface area (SBET = 676.5 m2/g) and meso- and micro-pore volume determined by nitrogen sorption (VLN2 = 0.415 cm3/g); (ii) the macro- and meso-pore volume determined by mercury intrusion porosimetry (VMIP = 3.134 cm3/g); and (iii) the maximum PHE sorption capacity (qmax = 142 mg/g). The percentage of adsorbent recovery after its regeneration with CAP was found to be ~ 35%. From the simulation of sorption dynamics, it was found that at early times, the sorption kinetics is governed by the film diffusion towards the external surface of grains, but at late times, most of the adsorbed mass is transferred primarily to meso-/macro-pores via diffusion, and secondarily to micro-porosity via surface diffusion. Based on the adsorbent characteristics, effect of pH on sorption efficiency, and numerical analysis of sorption dynamics, it was concluded that probably the dominant adsorption mechanism is the π-π interactions between hydrophobic PHE aromatic rings and CWAC-NaOH-800 graphene layers. The high PHE removal efficiency of CWAC-NaOH-800, the successful interpretation of sorption dynamics with the multi-compartment model, and the potential to regenerate PHE-loaded adsorbents with the green and economic technology of CAP motivate a strategy for testing CWACs towards the adsorption of other PAHs, application of adsorbents to real wastewaters, and scaling-up to pilot units. Graphical Abstract

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Insights into activators on biomass-derived carbon-based composites for electrochemical energy storage

Lu,

Fang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Materials Today Chemistry

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Use of Hydrothermal Carbonization and Cold Atmospheric Plasma for Surface Modification of Brewer’s Spent Grain and Activated Carbon

Cited by 5 publications

References 42 publications

Role of Experimental, Modeling, and Simulation Studies of Plasma in Sustainable Green Energy

Role of Experimental, Modeling, and Simulation Studies of Plasma in Sustainable Green Energy

Phenanthrene sorption studies on coffee waste– and diatomaceous earth–based adsorbents, and adsorbent regeneration with cold atmospheric plasma

Insights into activators on biomass-derived carbon-based composites for electrochemical energy storage

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