“…All of the studies are carried out with magnetite as the magnetic element, water as the medium, and the volumetric magnetic susceptibility of the nanoparticle varying within the range of typical values for paramagnetic oxides. Table 2 offers some values presented by Avens (27) for the volumetric susceptibility of several materials. Figure 2 shows the dimensionless van der Waals (a) and electrostatic (b) forces as functions of the surface-to-surface separation between a paramagnetic nanoparticle (R p ) and a magnetite particle (R s ).…”