Ciclosporin/meropenem/steroidsRecurrent Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteraemia and drug-resistance: case report A 55-year-old man developed recurrent Klebsiella pneumoniae infection during immunosuppressive treatment with ciclosporin and unspecified steroids. Additionally, he exhibited emergence of drug resistance during treatment with meropenem for K. pneumoniae bacteraemia [not all routes and dosages stated].The man who had history of NASH, had undergone orthotropic liver transplantation (OLT). Postoperatively, on day 9, his procalcitonin (PCT) was <0.5 ng/L and CRP was found to be 6 mg/dL. Subsequently, he started receiving immunosuppressive therapy with ciclosporin and unspecified steroids. On day 7, his urine catheter was removed following OLT. On day 10, he developed dysuria and spikes of fever. Blood cultures 12h and 14h post OLT were found to be positive for K. pneumoniae bacteraemia [duration of treatments to reaction onset not stated].Therefore, the man treated with IV meropenem 1g every 8h along with amikacin for 14 days. On the same day, CRP was 321 mg/dL and PCT was 56 ng/L. Furthermore, the dose of ciclosporin and unspecified steroids was reduced. At day 24, his fever subsided, along with decrease in PCT and CRP levels. He then discharged on day 25 post OLT with low doses of ciclosporin and unspecified steroids. However, 3 days post discharge, he again developed dysuria and fever; hence, he was readmitted to hospital. Subsequently, he started receiving therapy with IV meropenem for 21 days and amikacin for 7 days. Laboratory analyses were found to similar as previous. Later, on day 49 post OLT, he was discharged with low doses of ciclosporin. However, 3 days following discharge, he again developed dysuria and fever; therefore, he was admitted again. All laboratory parameters were found to be similar as earlier with positive blood and urine cultures for K. pneumoniae. He again started receiving IV meropenem for 10 days and amikacin for 5 days. Subsequent analyses were performed, which revealed the presence of meropenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates. Therefore, he received ciprofloxacin for 7 days. He subsequently underwent minimal biofilm eradication. Later, the urine cultures were found to be negative, and he remained well upon follow-up after 15 months post third discharge.