Use of Herring Embryos for In Situ and In Vitro Monitoring of Marine Pollution

Kocan, Richard M.; Landolt, Marsha L.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5808-4_5

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…An alternative sticky‐egg bioassay developed for Pacific herring has been used successfully to assess the chronic toxicity of oil from the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill [4,5,28,29]. Herring eggs adhere to glass slides, facilitating controlled exposures, and show hardiness and prolonged viability of gametes [29].…”

Section: Fish and Exposure Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Milt from four to five males, obtained by ventral pressure, was pooled in a large glass pan with water (15 ppt). The egg‐covered slides were placed in the milt solution for approximately 1 h, until a high fertilization rate was achieved [29] (M. Sweezey, Honors thesis). Slides were rinsed with water (15 ppt), and one slide was placed in each 250‐ml, glass Mason® jar with 200 ml of test solution.…”

Section: Fish and Exposure Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atlantic herring is one of the more common and abundant commercial species spawning in coastal environments of Atlantic Canada, and it has been exposed to Orimulsion previously in a 24‐h exposure in Petri dishes [20]. An alternative sticky‐egg bioassay developed for Pacific herring has been used successfully to assess the chronic toxicity of oil from the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill [4,5,28,29]. Herring eggs adhere to glass slides, facilitating controlled exposures, and show hardiness and prolonged viability of gametes [29].…”

Section: Fish and Exposure Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicity of orimulsion‐400® to early life stages of atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) and mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus)

Boudreau

Sweezey

Lee

et al. 2009

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The toxicity of Orimulsion-400 (PDVSA-BITOR), an emulsion of 70% bitumen in 30% water, was tested during the embryonic development of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) and mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) in duplicate experiments. Air injection and different salinities were included in the herring assays to examine their effects on Orimulsion-400 toxicity. Water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) of no. 6 fuel oil were tested in the mummichog assays to compare Orimulsion-400 toxicity with that of a heavy fuel oil. Concentrations of Orimulsion-400 as low as 0.001% (v/v) were harmful to both species. In herring, the more sensitive of the two species, this concentration produced 100% abnormal larvae. Similar abnormalities, including pericardial edema and spinal deformities, the same signs of toxicity caused by heavy fuel oils and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), were produced in both herring and mummichog. Fish exposed to Orimulsion-400 also suffered from increased mortality, reduced heart rates, premature hatch, and reduced lengths compared to control fish. Orimulsion-400 was approximately 300-fold more toxic than the WAFs of no. 6 fuel oil. Salinity had few clear effects on Orimulsion-400 toxicity, but aeration of test solutions greatly reduced toxicity by causing bitumen to coalesce and float. Aeration also removed toxic chemicals such as PAHs. The present study suggests that in the event of a spill, Orimulsion-400 could impair fish recruitment, but that strong wave action would reduce toxicity by accelerating the removal of emulsified bitumen from the water column.

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Section: Fish and Exposure Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fish and Exposure Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fish and Exposure Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicity of orimulsion‐400® to early life stages of atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) and mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus)

Boudreau

Sweezey

Lee

et al. 2009

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Methods for Conducting Bioassays Using Embryos and Larvae of Pacific Herring, Clupea pallasi

Dinnel

Middaugh

Schwarck

et al. 2010

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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The rapid decrease of several stocks of Pacific herring, Clupea pallasi, in Puget Sound, Washington, has led to concerns about the effects of industrial and nonpoint source contamination on the embryo and larval stages of this and related forage fish species. To address these concerns, the state of Washington and several industries have funded efforts to develop embryo and larval bioassay protocols that can be used by commercial laboratories for routine effluent testing. This article presents the results of research to develop herring embryo and larval bioassay protocols. Factors evaluated during protocol development included temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), light intensity, photoperiod, larval feeding regimes, use of brine and artificial sea salts, gonad sources, collection methods, and egg quality.

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Use of Herring Embryos for In Situ and In Vitro Monitoring of Marine Pollution

Cited by 2 publications

References 5 publications

Toxicity of orimulsion‐400® to early life stages of atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) and mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus)

Toxicity of orimulsion‐400® to early life stages of atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) and mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus)

Methods for Conducting Bioassays Using Embryos and Larvae of Pacific Herring, Clupea pallasi

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