Use of ground pistachio shell as alternative filler in natural rubber/styrene-butadiene rubber-based rubber compounds

Karaağaç, Bağdagül

doi:10.1002/pc.22656

Cited by 37 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Maximal torque and torque increment (DM) increase with higher content of cellulosic filler, regardless of its type. The increase of maximal torque and DM resulting from limited mobility of polymer chains is related to NR/cellulosic filler interactions and cross-link density of biocomposites (Jacob et al 2004;Karaagaç 2014). This phenomenon has significant impact on stiffness and shear modulus of biocomposites.…”

Section: Curing Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing and structure–property relationships of natural rubber/wheat bran biocomposites

et al. 2016

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In this work, wheat bran was used as cellulosic filler in biocomposites based on natural rubber. The impact of wheat bran content [ranging from 10 to 50 parts per hundred rubber (phr)] on processing, structure, dynamic mechanical properties, thermal properties, physico-mechanical properties and morphology of resulting biocomposites was investigated. For better characterization of interfacial interactions between natural rubber and wheat bran, achieved results were compared with properties of biocomposites filled with commercially available cellulosic fillers-wood flour and microcellulose. It was observed that wheat bran, unlike commercial cellulosic fillers, contains high amount of proteins, which act like plasticizers having profitable impact on processing, physical, thermo-mechanical and morphological properties of biocomposites. This is due to better dispersion and distribution of wheat bran particles in natural rubber, which results in reduction of stiffness and porosity of the biocomposites. Regardless of cellulosic filler type, Wolff activity coefficient was positive for all studied biocomposites implying reinforcing effect of the applied fillers, while tensile strength and elongation at break decreased with increasing filler content. This phenomenon is related to restricted strain-induced crystallization of NR matrix due to limited mobility of polymer chains in the biocomposites. Furthermore, this explains negligible impact of particle size distribution, chemical composition and crystallinity degree of applied cellulosic filler on static mechanical properties of highlyfilled NR biocomposites. The conducted investigations show that wheat bran presents interesting alternative for commercially available cellulosic fillers and could be successfully applied as a low-cost filler in polymer composites.

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Section: Curing Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing and structure–property relationships of natural rubber/wheat bran biocomposites

et al. 2016

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“…For apolar matrix, modification of cellulose/matrix interaction would do a great favor to the properties [9,16]. There were also literatures making comparisons of reinforcing effect between cellulose and commercial fillers, most of which showed negative results after replacing commercial fillers by cellulose, due to the difference of polarity and bad interaction [4,12,17]. The development of various rubber products and the requirement of elastomer with special behaviors motivate the development of rubber blends.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results show that cellulose reinforces the rubber latex effectively. Besides, cellulose could bring additional benefits when serving as the filler in rubber, such as relatively easy-degradable property of rubber composites [10], reduced Payne effect of filler [11], improved abrasion resistance [12] and so on. Therefore, cellulose is the promising reinforcing filler of rubbers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring nanocrystalline cellulose as a green alternative of carbon black in natural rubber/butadiene rubber/styrene-butadiene rubber blends

Chen¹,

Gu²,

Xu³

2014

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract.A series of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) reinforced natural rubber/butadiene rubber/styrene-butadiene rubber (NR/BR/SBR) blends were prepared via mastication of NR/NCC, BR/SBR and other ingredients. Resorcinol and hexamethylene tetramine (RH) was adopted to modify the interface between NCC and rubber matrix. The morphology, dynamic viscoelastic behavior, apparent crosslink density, mechanical performance and dynamic mechanical property of NR/BR/SBR/NCC blends were discussed in detail. The results showed that NCC was uniformly dispersed in composites and RH could enhance the adhesion of NCC and matrix. According to the dynamic mechanical analysis, NCC performed comparable reinforcing effect with carbon black (CB), and the modulus was improved with modification of RH. Mechanical tests showed that the replacement of CB by NCC in the blends did not deteriorate mechanical properties of composites. Besides, the blends exhibited best mechanical properties, when 10 phr NCC substituted CB.

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“…Therefore, a simple and cost-effective way is to reuse the waste leather directly in some form, for example, to make useful products such as footwear, insulation material, board, etc by infiltrating polymers [3][4][5][6]. In this manner, we can take advantage of low density, recyclability, and renewability of leather particles, similar to the use of other bio-fillers like leather, rice husk, and pistachio shell [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compression and fracture behavior of leather particulate reinforced polymer composites

Surana¹,

Bedi

Bhinder

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

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Strategies are suggested for the waste utilization of industrial leather by preparing composites with epoxy and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The addition of leather improves the average specific compression toughness of epoxy by 29%. The fracture surface analysis suggests the incorporation of leather microparticles leads to a transition of failure mode of epoxy from brittle to ductile. In addition, the dynamic strength of the leather/epoxy composite is found to be 69% higher than that of neat epoxy. However, no significant changes are observed when HDPE is infiltrated with leather. Apart from dispersing the leather particles directly in polymer, a novel strategy is presented here in which leather/HDPE microfibers are prepared and then used to reinforce the epoxy matrix. The specific compression modulus of this composite blend is 8% and 65% higher than epoxy and HDPE, respectively. Fractography is further carried out on the failed specimens to understand the failure mechanism in each composite. A change in the failure mode is observed when epoxy is reinforced either with leather particles or the microfiber. While the failure strength of the microfiber is found to be higher than epoxy, the strength of microfiber/epoxy interface is lower than that of epoxy.

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Use of ground pistachio shell as alternative filler in natural rubber/styrene-butadiene rubber-based rubber compounds

Cited by 37 publications

References 34 publications

Processing and structure–property relationships of natural rubber/wheat bran biocomposites

Processing and structure–property relationships of natural rubber/wheat bran biocomposites

Exploring nanocrystalline cellulose as a green alternative of carbon black in natural rubber/butadiene rubber/styrene-butadiene rubber blends

Compression and fracture behavior of leather particulate reinforced polymer composites

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