Use of grape seed extract for improving the shear bond strength of total-etching adhesive to bleached enamel

Abstract

This study was to ascertain if grape seed extract (GSE) can restore the shear bond strength (SBS) of total-etching adhesive to enamel immediately after bleaching. Immediately after bleaching with Beyond gel, different concentrations of GSE were applied to the surface of bovine enamel for 1 min before bonding of resin composite with Adper single bond 2 or All-Bond 3 adhesive. SBS values and debonding modes were recorded. Structure of the bonding interface and elements on enamel surface were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). SBS was found to be compromised significantly in 0 and 2.5% GSE groups. GSE (≥5%) could restore the SBS to the level of control. Failure in the adhesive joint was always the major debonding mode. No significant difference was found by XPS. Thus, GSE can restore the SBS compromised after bleaching in 1 min if the concentration is ≥5%.

Influence of various antioxidants on micro‐shear bond strength of resin composite to bleached enamel

“…7,36,37 These results are parallel to many studies that concluded clearly that the bleaching treatment significantly reduced the bond strength of resin composite to bleached enamel. [38][39][40][41][42][43][44] However, the results were opposite to the studies of Bishara et al 45 and Sulieman et al 46 as they stated that bleaching procedure did not affect the bond strength of resin composite to bleached enamel.…”

Tooth whitening: From the established treatments to novel approaches to prevent side effects

“…Apart from light and heat activation, other possibilities have been described. Several antioxidant compounds (green tea, sage, grape, and pineapple seed extract) may reduce the whitening‐associated issues of oxidant agents, restoring the shear bond strength (SBS) of dental adhesives, and improving the bond strength and the color change . The association of hydrogen peroxide with red carmine pigment is also suitable .…”

“…Moreover, whitening agents have effects on restorative material and dental fillings, decreasing adhesive properties . The loss of shear bond strength of resin composite to acid‐etched enamel occurs if bonding is undertaken immediately after bleaching . Other issues described are the green staining of the tooth‐amalgam interface with a 10% carbamide peroxide gel …”

“…Several antioxidant compounds (green tea, sage, grape, and pineapple seed extract) may reduce the whitening-associated issues of oxidant agents, restoring the shear bond strength (SBS) of dental adhesives, and improving the bond strength and the color change. [77][78][79] The association of hydrogen peroxide with red carmine pigment is also suitable. 80 The use of catalysts is another way to decrease the whitening reaction time, such as the cobalt-tetraphenylporphyrin/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite that significantly enhances the whitening efficiency of hydrogen peroxide.…”

“…113 The loss of shear bond strength of resin composite to acid-etched enamel occurs if bonding is undertaken immediately after bleaching. 78 Other issues described are the green staining of the tooth-amalgam interface with a 10% carbamide peroxide gel. 74 Systemic effects of whitening agents such as allergic sensitivity, subacute toxic effects, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity have not yet been reported on human cases under professional exposure.…”