Use of GOES thermal infrared imagery for eruption scale measurements, Soufrière Hills, Montserrat

Rose, William I.; Mayberry, G. C.

doi:10.1029/1999gl008459

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Volcanic clouds produced by SHV are typically small, and pose problems for detection even for sensors with higher spatial resolution than EP TOMS such as GOES (Rose & Mayberry 2000). Our EP TOMS data demonstrate that, although detection of these small clouds occurs less frequently, important quantitative information on the compositions of these clouds can still be obtained.…”

Section: Soufriore Hills Montserratmentioning

confidence: 71%

Volcanic eruption detection by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instruments: a 22-year record of sulphur dioxide and ash emissions

et al. 2003

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Since their first deployment in November 1978, the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instruments have provided a robust and near-continuous record of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and ash emissions from active volcanoes worldwide. Data from the four TOMS satellites that have flown to date have been analysed with the latest SO2/ash algorithms and incorporated into a TOMS volcanic emissions database that presently covers 22 years of SO2 and ash emissions. The 1978-2001 record comprises 102 eruptions from 61 volcanoes, resulting in 784 days of volcanic cloud observations. Regular eruptions of Nyamuragira (DR Congo) since 1978, accompanied by copious SO2 production, have contributed material on approximately 30% of the days on which clouds were observed. The latest SO2 retrieval results from Earth Probe (EP) TOMS document a period (1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001) lacking large explosive eruptions, and also dominated by SO2 emission from four eruptions of Nyamuragira. EP TOMS has detected the SO2 and ash produced during 23 eruptions from 15 volcanoes to date, with volcanic clouds observed on 158 days. The EP TOMS instrument began to degrade in 2001, but has now stabilized, although its planned successor (QuikTOMS) recently failed to achieve orbit. New SO2 algorithms are currently being developed for the Ozone Monitoring Instrument, which will continue the TOMS record of UV remote sensing of volcanic emissions from 2004 onwards.Volcanic eruptions vary greatly in style, duration and vigour, but all sub-aerial eruptions involve the emplacement of material, typically including water vapour and other gases, silicate ash, and aerosols, into the atmosphere above the eruption vent. The detection, analysis and tracking of the ensuing volcanic clouds and plumes is crucial for effective mitigation of volcanic hazards such as airborne ash (e.g. Casadevall 1994), understanding of magmatic degassing processes (e.g. Scaillet et al. 1998;Wallace 2001) and quantify-

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Section: Soufriore Hills Montserratmentioning

confidence: 71%

Volcanic eruption detection by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instruments: a 22-year record of sulphur dioxide and ash emissions

et al. 2003

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“…The Crater Peak eruption of Mount Spurr on 18 August 1992 produced about an order of magnitude more ash than the Montserrat eruption [ Rose and Mayberry , 2000], and its volcanic cloud reached altitudes of more than 15 km [ Rose et al , 1995]. Six AVHRR images were collected during the first day of volcanic cloud drift [ Schneider et al , 1995].…”

Section: Eruptions and Satellite Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric correction for satellite‐based volcanic ash mapping and retrievals using “split window” IR data from GOES and AVHRR

2002

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[1] Volcanic ash in volcanic clouds can be mapped in two dimensions using two-band thermal infrared data available from meteorological satellites. Wen and Rose [1994] developed an algorithm that allows retrieval of the effective particle size, the optical depth of the volcanic cloud, and the mass of fine ash in the cloud. Both the mapping and the retrieval scheme are less accurate in the humid tropical atmosphere. In this study we devised and tested a scheme for atmospheric correction of volcanic ash mapping and retrievals. The scheme utilizes infrared (IR) brightness temperature (BT) information in two infrared channels (both between 10 and 12.5 mm) and the brightness temperature differences (BTD) to estimate the amount of BTD shift caused by lower tropospheric water vapor. It is supported by the moderate resolution transmission (MODTRAN) analysis. The discrimination of volcanic clouds in the new scheme also uses both BT and BTD data but corrects for the effects of the water vapor. The new scheme is demonstrated and compared with the old scheme using two well-documented examples: (1) the 18 August 1992 volcanic cloud of Crater Peak, Mount Spurr, Alaska, and (2) the 26 December 1997 volcanic cloud from Soufriere Hills, Montserrat. The Spurr example represents a relatively ''dry'' subarctic atmospheric condition. The new scheme sees a volcanic cloud that is about 50% larger than the old. The mean optical depth and effective radii of cloud particles are lower by 22% and 9%, and the fine ash mass in the cloud is 14% higher. The Montserrat cloud is much smaller than Spurr and is more sensitive to atmospheric moisture. It also was located in a moist tropical atmosphere. For the Montserrat example the new scheme shows larger differences, with the area of the volcanic cloud being about 5.5 times larger, the optical depth and effective radii of particles lower by 56% and 28%, and the total fine particle mass in the cloud increased by 53%. The new scheme can be automated and can contribute to more accurate remote volcanic ash detection. More tests are needed to find the best way to estimate the water vapor effects in real time.

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“…These instruments are all on polar orbiting satellites. Rose and Mayberry [2000] made use of the 30 min temporal sampling of the GOES imager to study the eruption of Soufrière Hills in 1997–1999. Prata et al [2007] and Prata and Kerkmann [2007] have recently demonstrated the value of geostationary platforms for monitoring volcanic plumes using the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG), Spin Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using the GOES Sounder to monitor upper level SO₂ from volcanic eruptions

et al. 2008

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[1] This study explores the sensitivity of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Sounder observations to atmospheric loadings of SO 2 .from volcanic eruptions. The GOES Sounder offers a more rapid refresh rate than similar instruments on board polar-orbiting satellites, such as the High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) carried on the NOAA and MetOp spacecraft. One of the GOES Sounder's 19 channels is in an SO 2 absorption band. Simulations demonstrate that this channel, centered at approximately 7.4 mm, when combined with other channels, can detect the presence of large amounts of SO 2 (e.g., greater than 50 DU) in the upper atmosphere (e.g., above 8 km). The GOES Sounder can also provide upper limits of the amount of upper level SO 2 , provided the atmospheric altitude of the SO 2 is known. The sensitivity is demonstrated on two volcanic eruptions of the Soufrière Hills Volcano on the island of Montserrat. Through use of the GOES Sounder measurements, the advection and rapid spreading of the plume are easily observed. Efforts to fully characterize the plume size and transport are hampered by the limited spatial coverage of the current GOES Sounder.

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Use of GOES thermal infrared imagery for eruption scale measurements, Soufrière Hills, Montserrat

Cited by 27 publications

References 13 publications

Volcanic eruption detection by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instruments: a 22-year record of sulphur dioxide and ash emissions

Volcanic eruption detection by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instruments: a 22-year record of sulphur dioxide and ash emissions

Atmospheric correction for satellite‐based volcanic ash mapping and retrievals using “split window” IR data from GOES and AVHRR

Using the GOES Sounder to monitor upper level SO₂ from volcanic eruptions

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Use of GOES thermal infrared imagery for eruption scale measurements, Soufrière Hills, Montserrat

Cited by 27 publications

References 13 publications

Volcanic eruption detection by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instruments: a 22-year record of sulphur dioxide and ash emissions

Volcanic eruption detection by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instruments: a 22-year record of sulphur dioxide and ash emissions

Atmospheric correction for satellite‐based volcanic ash mapping and retrievals using “split window” IR data from GOES and AVHRR

Using the GOES Sounder to monitor upper level SO2 from volcanic eruptions

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Using the GOES Sounder to monitor upper level SO₂ from volcanic eruptions