Use of geopolymer concrete for a cleaner and sustainable environment – A review of mechanical properties and microstructure

Hassan, Amer; Arif, Mohammed; Shariq, M.

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.051

Cited by 416 publications

(144 citation statements)

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“…It has been considered as green alternative of Portland cement due to its lower carbon footprint and lesser embodied energy requirement during production (Yang et al, 2013;Gartner and Hirao, 2015). Additionally, it exhibits superior properties such as good mechanical strength, excellent chemical and fire resistant properties than OPC binder, and its tailor made properties make suitable for wide range of applications (Fernández-Jiménez et al, 2006;Park et al, 2016;Hassan et al, 2019;Luhar et al, 2019). It is defined as a class of binder material containing -Si-O-Al-bond in a tri-dimensional network structure, formed by the interaction of alkaline solution with a powder source containing Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 such as calcined clay, fly ash, blast furnace slag, silico-manganese slag, Pb-Zn slag, red mud, mining waste etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geopolymer technology provides a sustainable solution towards waste utilization, pollution mitigation and resource conservation by using waste materials as precursor (Fernández-Jiménez and Palomo, 2003;Onisei et al, 2012;Lee et al, 2016;Kumar et al, 2017;Koplík et al, 2018;Nie et al, 2019;Xia et al, 2019). As a result, a huge number of industrial byproducts and wastes have been examined for solidification/stabilization through geopolymer technology (Xu et al, 2014;Nazari and Sanjayan, 2015;Djobo et al, 2016;Lirer et al, 2017;Kiventera et al, 2018;Koplík et al, 2018;Nath, 2018;Hassan et al, 2019;Luhar et al, 2019;Nie et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fly ash and zinc slag blended geopolymer: Immobilization of hazardous materials and development of paving blocks

Nath

2020

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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The potential for practical application of fly ash, zinc slag and their blends for geopolymer synthesis at ambient temperature have been investigated in this paper. Fly ash is an alumino-silicate byproduct suitable for geopolymer reaction, but its low reactivity at ambient condition is the restriction of its bulk utilization. Above limitation can be overcome by blending with zinc slag (ZS). Additionally, ZS contains heavy and toxic metals (Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, As), which can be stabilize in Al-Si based geopolymer network structure. Isothermal conduction calorimetry (ICC) is used to monitor the geopolymer reaction with time. Slag rich specimens are characterized with higher rate of reaction with augmented peak. The mineralogy and microstructure of the geopolymers have been examined through X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The detected chief reaction product is N-(C)-AS -H and C-(N)-AS -H 1 type hydrated gel. Continual improvement of compressive strength of the geopolymers with increasing slag content is explained with higher degree of reaction, formation of more reaction products and development of compact microstructure. According to toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), toxic metals leaching is within permissible limit. Paver blocks using 40−80 wt% ZS has been developed, which meets IS 15,658: 2006 standard and comply with US-EPA specification.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fly ash and zinc slag blended geopolymer: Immobilization of hazardous materials and development of paving blocks

Nath

2020

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…Although usage of geopolymer concrete is still in the beginning stage, however, recently, many structures have been successfully constructed utilizing geopolymer concrete [19]. Some of these geopolymer composites are reinforced box culverts, concrete pipes, pavements, structural elements, precast concrete such as railway sleeper and electric power pole and marine construction, reinforced box culverts, precast footway panels, the airport in southeast Queensland, Australia, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the chemical composition, fly ash is categorized as either class F or class C. The previous studies on the GPC reported that the use of F class of FA on the production of GPC has comparable or superior mechanical properties to the OPC concretes [21,22]. In India, the manufacture of clay bricks requires 540 million tonnes of clay for manufacturing 180 billion tonnes of clay brick per year, makes 26,800 hectares of land barren, and requires 30 million tonnes of coal equivalent, generates around 27 million tonnes of CO 2 [19,23,24]. Annually, a 10-12% replacement with fly ash will consume 30-32 million tonnes of fly ash, save coal and environment and yield a benefit of 310 crores by decrease cost in the production of blocks [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of curing condition on the mechanical properties of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete

2019

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In the present study, the mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete (GPC) has been investigated. GPC represents a novel technology that is giving significant concern in industrial construction, especially in term of the current emphasis on sustainability. In this study, the NaOH and Na 2 SiO 3 solutions were used as an alkaline solution in all GPC mixes. Na 2 SiO 3 with 10 concentration of molarity, activator-to-FA ratio of 0.4, Na 2 SiO 3 /NaOH ratio of 1.75, and two curing regimes viz., ambient curing, and heat curing at 75 °C for 26 h were employed. The experimental results indicated that the geopolymer concrete strengths, modulus of elasticity, and other mechanical properties increased with heat curing as compared to ambient temperature curing. The elastic modulus of GPC was associated with the compressive strengths and similar to those of OPC concrete. Furthermore, the geopolymer concrete mixture requires proper mix proportion and temperaturecontrolled curing conditions to accomplish good results.

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“…Geopolymers (GP) are considered a valid and sustainable alternative to OPC as they show properties suitable for diverse applications in construction [9][10][11] such as a fast setting time, low volumetric shrinkage, outstanding mechanical performance, and high resistance to chemicals and ageing [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Additionally, GP manufacture is highly cost-effective and simple, and is claimed to generate lower CO 2 emissions than OPC [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Recycling of Lime Slaker Grits from Paper-Pulp Industry Reused as Aggregate in Ambient Cured Biomass Fly Ash-Based Geopolymers for Sustainable Construction Material

et al. 2019

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Lime slaker grits and biomass fly ash are solid wastes produced by the Kraft paper-pulp industry that are commonly disposed of in landfill. However, recent studies and European regulations discourage such disposal practices. This work investigates an alternative and innovative way to recycle and reuse these wastes in the production of green geopolymeric mortars intended for application in the construction industry. Here, biomass fly ash was used as the main source of alumino-silicate in the binder precursor (70 wt.% substitution to metakaolin), and grits (ranging from 1–12.5 mm, as provided by the industry) were reused as aggregate. Aggregate granulometry was also completed by using a commercial natural siliceous sand (<1 mm). Mortars using sand only were prepared for comparative reasons. The implemented mix was designed to investigate the influence of the grits on the mortar’s properties such as its binder/aggregate ratio, workability, bulk density, water sorptivity, and compressive strength. At the same time, waste reuse was analysed in light of its limitations and potentialities. Moreover, in the pursuit of sustainability, the manufacturing process that was followed was highly cost-effective in ambient curing conditions (20 °C, 65% RH), which avoided the use of any external source of energy as commonly used in geopolymers processing. The achieved results proved that the combined use of these wastes, which to date has hardly been explored, along with ambient manufacturing conditions increases the material sustainability. The produced mortars are suitable for innovative applications in various fields, with a particular focus on construction and contribute to the circular economy.

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Use of geopolymer concrete for a cleaner and sustainable environment – A review of mechanical properties and microstructure

Cited by 416 publications

References 111 publications

Fly ash and zinc slag blended geopolymer: Immobilization of hazardous materials and development of paving blocks

Fly ash and zinc slag blended geopolymer: Immobilization of hazardous materials and development of paving blocks

Effect of curing condition on the mechanical properties of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete

Innovative Recycling of Lime Slaker Grits from Paper-Pulp Industry Reused as Aggregate in Ambient Cured Biomass Fly Ash-Based Geopolymers for Sustainable Construction Material

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