Use of Genetic Size-Scaling in Evaluation of Animal Growth

Taylor, C. S.

doi:10.1093/ansci/61.supplement_2.118

Cited by 96 publications

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“…Similar results regarding growth velocity differences were observed by Cifre et al [26], where animals coming from cryopreserved embryos showed a higher weaning weight but reduced growth rate during the fattening period (from 4-9 weeks of age). During our study period (1 to 20 weeks of age), changes in the maturity rank order between progeny groups were observed, the maturity degree being higher during the lactation period (until the 4 weeks) in VT progeny, whereas the rank order at 20 weeks changes with the control progeny being more mature than VT progeny, indicating that animals do not have the same degree of maturity at a fixed BW or the same physiological status at a constant age [42]. Therefore, the current finding of lower maturity degree in VT progeny at 20 weeks of age could explain the difference observed in adult male liver weight between both groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Embryo vitrification in rabbits: Consequences for progeny growth

et al. 2015

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The objective of this research is to examine if there are any effects of the rederivation procedures on rabbit growth pattern and on weight of different organ in adults. For this purpose, three experiments were conducted on two different groups of animals (control group and vitrified-transferred group) to evaluate the possible effect of embryo manipulation (vitrification and transfer procedures) on future growth traits. The first experiment studies body weight from 1 to 9 weeks of age from the two groups. The second experiment describes the growth curve of progeny from experimental groups and analyzes their Gompertz curve parameters, including the estimation of adult body weight. The third experiment has been developed to study if there are any differences in different organ weight in adult males from the two experimental groups. In general, the results indicate that rederivation procedures had effect on the phenotypic expression of growth traits. The results showed that rabbit produced by vitrification and embryo transfer had higher body weight in the first four weeks of age than control progeny. Results from body weight (a parameter) and b parameter estimated by fitting the Gompertz growth curve did not show any difference between experimental groups. However, differences related with growth velocity (k parameter of the Gompertz curve) were observed among them, showing that the control group had higher growth velocity than the vitrified-transferred group. In addition, we found that liver weight at 40th week of age exhibits significant differences between the experimental groups. The liver weight was higher in the control males than in the VF males. Although the present results indicate that vitrification and transfer pro-cedures might affect some traits related with growth in rabbits, further research is needed to assess the mechanisms involved in the appearance of these phenotypes and if these phenotypes could be transferred to the future progeny.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Embryo vitrification in rabbits: Consequences for progeny growth

et al. 2015

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“…In the present study, the largest difference observed between farm and laboratory animals in terms of empty body composition was the rapid accretion of fat in farm animals compared with laboratory animals. Many feral species do not readily attain a level of 20% body fat (Taylor, 1985). This may indicate that animals used in agriculture exhibit dramatic effects of human-directed evolution, that is, selection for rapid growth starting before the 20th century.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has generally been recognized that, during the growing period, the fat and water contents of the empty body vary inversely with each other, the protein content of fat-free matter changes little, and the changes in protein and fat concentrations reflect energy retention or loss (Murray, 1922;Moulton, 1923;Reid et al, 1968). Taylor (1985) provided a general compositional concept that holds true across species. Several generalizations of -E-mail: hirooka@kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp biological significance across species have arisen from studies of the chemical body composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moulton (1923) suggested that there is a point when the composition of protein, water and ash in the fat-free matter becomes more or less stationary, and Murray (1922) showed that the protein content of fat-free dry matter was practically constant. Taylor (1985) compared changes in carcass composition among cattle, pigs and sheep using mature weight and the degree of maturity. Emmans and Oldham (1988) assumed that the ratio of ash to protein and water to protein are essentially constant at a mature state across meat-animal species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The protein and fat content in EBW gain (DP and DF, respectively) are estimated by taking the derivatives of the allometric equations as follows: The fat content of the empty body was used as a common indicator for interspecies comparisons in the present study. In general, however, the degree of maturity (u 5 BW/A), calculated as the proportion of BW to mature BW (A), has been adopted as a genetic scaling parameter (Taylor, 1985); Taylor (1985) assumed the constant fat content of the empty body at maturity. If one accepts the assumption that the fat content at a given fraction of mature weight is fixed, this means that the fat contents of the empty body may be a measure of the degree of maturity.…”

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Interspecies differences in the empty body chemical composition of domestic animals

Maeno

Oishi

Hirooka

2013

Animal

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Domestication of animals has resulted in phenotypic changes by means of natural and human-directed selection. Body composition is important for farm animals because it reflects the status of energy reserves. Thus, there is the possibility that farm animals as providers of food have been more affected by human-directed selection for body composition than laboratory animals. In this study, an analysis was conducted to determine what similarities and differences in body composition occur between farm and laboratory animals using literature data obtained from seven comparative slaughter studies ( n 5 136 observations). Farm animals from four species (cattle, goats, pigs and sheep) were all castrated males, whereas laboratory animals from three species (dogs, mice and rats) comprised males and/or females. All animals were fed ad libitum. The allometric equation, Y 5aX b , was used to determine the influence of species on the accretion rates of chemical components ( Y, kg) relative to the growth of the empty body, fat-free empty body or protein weights ( X, kg). There were differences between farm and laboratory animals in terms of the allometric growth coefficients for chemical components relative to the empty BW and fat-free empty BW ( P , 0.01); farm animals had more rapid accretion rates of fat ( P , 0.01) but laboratory animals had more rapid accretion rates of protein, water and ash ( P , 0.01). In contrast, there was no difference in terms of the allometric growth coefficients for protein and water within farm animals ( P . 0.2). The allometric growth coefficients for ash weight relative to protein weight for six species except sheep were not different from a value of 1 ( P . 0.1), whereas that of sheep was smaller than 1 ( P , 0.01). When compared at the same fat content of the empty body, the rate of change in water content (%) per unit change in fat content (%) was not different ( P . 0.05) across farm animal species and similar ash-to-protein ratios were obtained except for dogs. The fraction of empty body energy gain retained as fat increased in a curvilinear manner, and there was little variation among farm animals at the same fat content of the empty body. These findings may provide the opportunity to develop a general model to predict empty body composition across farm animal species. In contrast, there were considerable differences of chemical body composition between farm and laboratory animals.Keywords: allometric relationship, body composition, farm animals, interspecies comparison, laboratory animals ImplicationsIn this study, the chemical compositions of the empty body of different domestic species were compared, and the results indicated that there were common allometric relationships between two components (protein and water weights) and fat-free empty BW across farm animal species. This type of information could be useful for the development of a general model of reliably predicting chemical composition and energy content of gain in farm animal species. Furthermore, remarkable interspecies diff...

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