Use of Gas Adsorption and Inversion Methods for Shale Pore Structure Characterization

Medina-Rodriguez, Bryan X.; Alvarado, Vladimir

doi:10.3390/en14102880

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…Hysteresis loops of the Es3x shale are interpreted based on the IUPAC classification scheme 45 ( Figures 15 and 16 ). The hysteresis loops of LF1 and LF3 are type-H4 loops that show wedge or narrow slit-like pores ( Figure 8 A,C).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 61 , 62 The isotherms and hysteresis loops were analyzed based on previously defined models shown in Figures 16 and 17 . 45 …”

Section: Sample Collection and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Classifications of adsorption hysteresis loop curves and pore types (modified and reproduced from Medina-Rodriguez and Alvarado 45 ). …”

Section: Sample Collection and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation and Distribution of Different Pore Types in the Lacustrine Calcareous Shale: Insights from XRD, FE-SEM, and Low-Pressure Nitrogen Adsorption Analyses

et al. 2022

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Pore types and pore structure parameters are the important factors affecting the storage capacity of a shale oil reservoir. Pore morphology and mineralogical composition of shales have diverse effects on the upgrading of various phases of shale oil. To interpret the formation and distribution of different pore types and their structure parameters in the lacustrine calcareous shale, a combination of polarizing microscopy, X-ray diffraction, total organic carbon (TOC), field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and low-pressure nitrogen adsorption experiments were conducted on the Es3x shale of the Eocene Shahejie Formation in the Zhanhua Depression. The interpretations regarding pore types, pore structure parameters, and pore size distribution indicate that the pore morphology and pore size distribution in the lacustrine shale are very complicated and demonstrate strong heterogenic behavior. Inorganic pores (interparticle pores, intraparticle pores, intercrystalline pores, dissolution pores, and microfractures) are the most commonly distributed pore types in the studied shale. However, organic matter pores are poorly developed due to the lower thermal maturity of the Es3x shale. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface and pore volume range from 0.026 to 1.282 m 2 /g (average 0.697 m 2 /g) and 0.003 to 0.008 cm 3 /g (average 0.005 cm 3 /g), respectively. The shape of the pores varies from slit-like to narrow slit. Different minerals develop different types of pores with various sizes extending from micropores (<2 nm), mesopores (2–50 nm), to macropores (>50 nm). The relationship between mineral components and pore parameters indicates that the carbonate minerals act as the main contributors to the formation and distribution of different pore types in the studied shale. Pore volume and the pore specific surface area did not show a good relationship with mineral composition and TOC due to disordered pores, but pore size shows a good relationship with mineral composition and TOC of the Es3x shale. The whole pore system description showed that the mesopores and macropores are abundantly distributed and are the main contributors to the pore system in the Es3x shale. A comprehensive understanding of the formation mechanism and structural features of various sized pores in a variety of different minerals can provide a good tool for the exploration and development of shale oil reservoirs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 61 , 62 The isotherms and hysteresis loops were analyzed based on previously defined models shown in Figures 16 and 17 . 45 …”

Section: Sample Collection and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation and Distribution of Different Pore Types in the Lacustrine Calcareous Shale: Insights from XRD, FE-SEM, and Low-Pressure Nitrogen Adsorption Analyses

et al. 2022

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“…In this paper, a mature and widely used experimental method for determining pore size distribution-low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption-desorption [27][28][29]-was used to characterize the shale samples. The experiment used the isothermal adsorption characteristic curve of nitrogen to determine the pore volume and pore size distribution of shale samples through theoretical analysis.…”

Section: Pore Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

The Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors for the Formation of Micropores in Shale from the Niutitang Formation, Wenshuicun Section, Southwest China

Huang

et al. 2021

Energies

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The characteristics of shale micro-pore development and its main influencing factors have important theoretical guiding significance for shale gas exploration and resource evaluation. In order to clarify the micro-pore development characteristics of lower Cambrian shale and the main controlling factors of micro-pore development, we used the lower Cambrian Niutitang formation shale, in the Wenshuicun section of the Guizhou Province in southwest China. The micro-pore development characteristics of the shale in the region were studied by argon ion profile field emission scanning electron microscopy and a low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption and desorption experimental system. The relationship between micro-pore and kerogen maceral composition, total organic carbon (TOC) content and different mineral content was analyzed in combination with mineral and geochemical characteristics. Inorganic pores (clay mineral pores, dissolution pores and pyrite intergranular pores) and micro-fractures (clay mineral shrinkage crack, tectonic fractures and overpressure fractures) were the main type of pore developed in the shale of the Niutitang formation in the Wenshuicun section, and no organic pores had developed. The pore size of shale is usually 2–50 nm, accounting for 58.33% of shale pores, e.g. mesopores. Clay mineral content has an obvious positive correlation with macropore volume and average pore diameter, and an obvious negative correlation with micropore volume. In addition, the content of feldspar in brittle minerals has a strong negative correlation with macropore volume and average pore diameter, and a strong positive correlation with micropore volume and BET-specific surface area. TOC content and the content of different kerogen macerals have no obvious correlation with the development of shale micropores in this region. It is concluded that inorganic mineral composition is the main controlling factor of micro-pore development within lower Cambrian shale, and organic matter abundance and maceral content have little influence on the micro-pore development. This study provides a case study for the characteristics of micropores in lower Cambrian shale in China.

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“…FE/SEM combined with Particles (Pores) and Cracks Analysis System (PCAS) software can obtain the data of shale pore size, number, porosity and other parameters. PV, SSA and pore size distribution (PSD) of shale pore can be obtained by high-pressure mercury injection porosimetry experiments (HMIP), N 2 and CO 2 adsorption experiments [23][24][25]. Shale is a heterogeneous porous medium, which is both the source rock and reservoir of shale gas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Pore Structure and Gas Content of the Lower Paleozoic Shale from the Upper Yangtze Plate, South China

Zou

et al. 2021

Energies

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This study is predominantly about the differences in shale pore structure and the controlling factors of shale gas content between Lower Silurian and Lower Cambrian from the upper Yangtze plate, which are of great significance to the occurrence mechanism of shale gas. The field emission scanning electron microscopy combined with Particles (Pores) and Cracks Analysis System software, CO2/N2 adsorption and the high-pressure mercury injection porosimetry, and methane adsorption were used to investigate characteristics of overall shale pore structure and organic matter pore, heterogeneity and gas content of the Lower Paleozoic in southern Sichuan Basin and northern Guizhou province from the upper Yangtze plate. Results show that porosity and the development of organic matter pores of the Lower Silurian are better than that of the Lower Cambrian, and there are four main types of pore, including interparticle pore, intraparticle pore, organic matter pore and micro-fracture. The micropores of the Lower Cambrian shale provide major pore volume and specific surface areas. In the Lower Silurian shale, there are mesopores besides micropores. Fractal dimensions representing pore structure complexity and heterogeneity gradually increase with the increase in pore volume and specific surface areas. There is a significant positive linear relationship between total organic carbon content and micropores volume and specific surface areas of the Lower Paleozoic shale, and the correlation of the Lower Silurian is more obvious than that of the Lower Cambrian. The plane porosity of organic matter increases with the increase in total organic carbon when it is less than 5%. The plane porosity of organic matter pores is positively correlated with clay minerals content and negatively correlated with brittle minerals content. The adsorption gas content of Lower Silurian and Lower Cambrian shale are 1.51–3.86 m3/t (average, 2.31 m3/t) and 0.35–2.38 m3/t (average, 1.36 m3/t). Total organic carbon, clay minerals and porosity are the main controlling factors for the differences in shale gas content between Lower Cambrian and Lower Silurian from the upper Yangtze plate. Probability entropy and organic matter plane porosity of the Lower Silurian are higher than those of Lower Cambrian shale, but form factor and roundness is smaller.

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Use of Gas Adsorption and Inversion Methods for Shale Pore Structure Characterization

Cited by 23 publications

References 148 publications

Formation and Distribution of Different Pore Types in the Lacustrine Calcareous Shale: Insights from XRD, FE-SEM, and Low-Pressure Nitrogen Adsorption Analyses

Formation and Distribution of Different Pore Types in the Lacustrine Calcareous Shale: Insights from XRD, FE-SEM, and Low-Pressure Nitrogen Adsorption Analyses

The Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors for the Formation of Micropores in Shale from the Niutitang Formation, Wenshuicun Section, Southwest China

Characteristics of Pore Structure and Gas Content of the Lower Paleozoic Shale from the Upper Yangtze Plate, South China

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