Use of freeze-dried trivalent antivenom to neutralize the toxic activities of Bothrops atrox snake venoms from the Amazon

Muniz, Emiro G; Oliveira, Sâmella Silva de; Noronha, Maria das Dores N.; Saraiva, Maria das Graças Gomes; Sano-Martins, Ida Sigueko

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.06.015

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Despite the efficiency in neutralizing the systemic effects and the key contribution to reducing the number of deaths, antivenoms show some relevant limitations, such as adverse reactions, need for a specialized professional, cold chain, and batch variations. Some studies on Latin American antivenoms, including INS-COL (Colombia), PROBIOL (Colombia), ICP (Costa Rica), INS-PERU (Peru), UCV (Venezuela), BIOL (Argentina), FDTAV (Brazil), IVB (Brazil) and LBAV (Brazil) have demonstrated efficacy in neutralizing local effects under the preincubation protocol [ 8 , 9 ]. However, other investigations that addressed the preclinical efficacy of antivenoms via a challenge-then-treat model of envenoming have shown a low neutralization of these typical damages with significant improvements when a plant extract is used as a complementary therapy [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A First Look at the Inhibitory Potential of Urospatha sagittifolia (Araceae) Ethanolic Extract for Bothrops atrox Snakebite Envenomation

Palacios

Sacoto-Torres

Hernández-Altamirano

et al. 2022

Toxins

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Bothrops atrox snakebites are a relevant problem in the Amazon basin. In this biodiverse region, the ethnomedicinal approach plays an important role as an alternative to antivenom therapy. Urospatha sagittifolia (Araceae) is a plant used for this purpose; however, its neutralizing properties have not been scientifically accessed. To fill this gap, we investigated the ability of U. sagittifolia to modulate the catalytic activity of Bothrops atrox venom, and their toxic consequences, such as local damage and lethality. The venom profile of B. atrox was assessed by chromatography and electrophoresis. Inhibition of the three main enzymatic and medically important toxins from the venom was evaluated using synthetic substrates and quantified by chromogenic activity assays. Additionally, the neutralization of lethality, hemorrhage and edema were investigated by in vivo assays. The possible interactions between venom proteins and plant molecules were visualized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Finally, the phytochemical constituents present in the ethanolic extract were determined by qualitative and quantitative analyses. The ethanolic extract reduced the activity of the three main enzymes of venom target, achieving ranges from 19% to 81% of inhibition. Our in vivo venom neuralizations assays showed a significant inhibition of edema (38.72%) and hemorrhage (42.90%). Additionally, lethality was remarkably counteracted. The highest extract ratio evaluated had a 75% survival rate. Our data support the biomedical value of U. sagittifolia as a source of natural enzyme inhibitors able to neutralize catalytically active B. atrox venom toxins and their toxic effects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%