Use of Foot Measurements as Sonographic Parameter for Estimation of Fetal Age

Malik, Bushra Abdel; Ibrahim, Mohammed; Mohamed, Sofia B.; Yousef, Mohamed; Alshammari, Qurain Turki; Jastaniah, Saddig D.

doi:10.4236/ojmi.2017.74023

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Their correlation coefficient was 0.828 with p< 0.001. 18 The results of all these studies agree with our study's results and highlight the undebatable role of fetal foot length measurement in determining gestational age.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Role of Sonographic Measurement of Fetal Foot Length in Estimating Gestational Age: A Hospital Based Study in South Punjab

Nadeem

Babar

Khan

et al. 2022

PAFMJ

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OBJECTIVE: To highlight the usefulness of ultrasonographic measurement of fetal foot length in determining fetal gestational age. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective validation study PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Radiology Department Combined Military Hospital Bahawalpur from 01July 2020 to 31Dec 2020. METHODOLOGY: Women referred from our obstetrics OPD for antenatal ultrasound between 16 to 40 weeks were scrutinized through inclusion and exclusion criteria for selection in the study. Record of their age, parity, gestational age by LMP and sonographic measurement of fetal foot length were endorsed on a study proforma. After the end of study period, the data was entered in SPSS version 20 to measure Pearson correlation coefficient and R2 values for highlighting the correlation between two variables. P value < 0.01 is taken as significant. RESULTS: A total of 153 patients were included in the study. Mean age of patients in our study is 28.64 years and second parity is most frequent being 41.8%. Data entered in SPSS version 20 for regression analysis. Pearson correlation coefficient (R) is 0.988 and R2 value is 0.977 (P- 0.000) which shows powerful linear correlation between our two variables. CONCLUSION: The results of our study shows excellent reliable linear correlation between fetal foot length and gestational age by LMP. Therefore, the fetal foot length so measured by ultrasonography can be used confidently for determination of gestational age in routine or when other ultrasonographic measurement parameters become unreliable. KEYWORDS: Fetal foot length, Gestational age, Ultrasonographic age estimation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Role of Sonographic Measurement of Fetal Foot Length in Estimating Gestational Age: A Hospital Based Study in South Punjab

Nadeem

Babar

Khan

et al. 2022

PAFMJ

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“…From the tip of the longest toe (usually the second toe) to the tip of the heal, the fetal foot is measured (12) .Several studies have shown that using the CRL and foot length, i.e. heel-toe length, and other extremity parameters in second and third-trimester fetuses improves age determination (13) . As a result, length of the fetus feet was positively correlated with gestational age (14) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Gestational Age of Fetus with the Reference of Humerus and Foot Length by Ultrasonography

2021

JHMN

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The objective of the study is to predict the gestational age of fetus with the reference of humerus and foot length by ultrasonography. Methodology: A cross sectional analytical study was perform in which 131 pregnant women with a singleton fetus were taken to get the required results. All data of the ultrasonographical reports has been collected from The Department of Radiology, Sheikh Zaid Hospital, Lahore. All pregnant women, from the second trimester to full term, are examined by ultrasound measurement of the full HL and FFL were taken by using a curve array transducer. Results: 36 women (27.5%) out of 131 had gestational age by LMP was 17-20 weeks and only 2 women (1.5%) having gestational age by LMP of 37-40 weeks while out of 37 women (28.2%) out of 131 had gestational age by foot length was 17-20 weeks and 8 women(6.1%) having gestational age by foot length of 25-28 weeks. 41 women (31.3%) out of 131 had gestational age by humerus length was17-20 weeks and 3 women (2.3%) having gestational age by foot length of 37-40 weeks.GA was almost similar from these different parameters i.e. LMP, Foot Length and Humerus Length. Conclusion:The fetal foot length and humerus length developed with gestational age in a healthily developing fetus. During the late second and third trimesters of pregnancy, the length of a fetus's foot and humerus length could be considered as an exploratory approach to determine the gestation of the fetus. When other parameters failed to reliably estimate gestational age, the length of the fetal foot and humerus length proved effective.

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Estimation of Gestational Age From Fetal Foot Length Measurement

Rubab

Anjum

Ahmed³

et al. 2022

PBMJ

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The estimation of G. age is vital part of obstetrical ultrasound examination for managing the pregnancy as well as monitoring the growth of the fetus. FFL measurement is a precise method for the calculation of the G.age of the fetus when other methods do not give accurate measurement. Objectives: The main objective of our review is to assess the role of ultrasonographic measurement of foot of the fetus in the calculation of G. age and secondary objective is to measure the FL to FFL ratio in the normal fetuses. Methods: We conducted the systemic review with the help of following search engines and websites: Google scholar, NCBI, Medline and Medscape databases, Research gate, Science direct, PubMed, Global Health Library, Web of Science, Cochrane, from 1987-2019. Only those studies were included in this review that reported on the determination of the G. age from the FFL measurements on antenatal ultrasonography and on at least one statistic assessing the accuracy of gestational age estimation. The duplicate, non-English and incomplete studies were excluded. After initial screening of 120 studies only 20 studies were eligible for inclusion. All data extracted from them was analyzed using SPSS version 24. Results: After fulfilling eligibility criteria, we were left with 20 studies between years 1987 to 2019. Majority of the studies were conducted in Asia (60%) with study population greater than 50 participants (95%).All of our studies measured FFL for estimation of GA in singleton (80%) and normal (90%) pregnancies. Studies varied in their use of GA reference method, (5%) studies used LMP alone, (10%) studies relied on EDS, (10%) studies used either EDS or LMP as a comparison method, (45%) studies used both EDS and LMP and (30%) studies did not report their reference method. Ten studies reported R with mean value of 0.90002 and SD of 0.073997, 13 studies reported R2 with mean value of 0.85192 and SD of 0.156988. Six studies (38%) measured FL to FFL ratio with mean value of 0.96.Fifteen studies reported regression coefficient with mean value of 1.39057 and SD of 1.15890. Conclusions: After reviewing literature of 20 studies it was concluded that FFL is a precise method for the calculation of GA of the fetus. FFL is equally reliable when used with other ultrasonographic parameters as well as when used alone. FFL is also reliable for predicting the estimated FW in the last trimester of pregnancy. FL/FFL is useful in the detection of fetal skeletal dysplasia.

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Use of Foot Measurements as Sonographic Parameter for Estimation of Fetal Age

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Role of Sonographic Measurement of Fetal Foot Length in Estimating Gestational Age: A Hospital Based Study in South Punjab

Role of Sonographic Measurement of Fetal Foot Length in Estimating Gestational Age: A Hospital Based Study in South Punjab

Predicting Gestational Age of Fetus with the Reference of Humerus and Foot Length by Ultrasonography

Estimation of Gestational Age From Fetal Foot Length Measurement

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