Use of fly ash in reducing toxicity of and heavy metals in wastewater effluent

Opportunities and challenges in the use of coal fly ash for soil improvements – A review

“…One of such alternative sorbents is CFA, which has received special attention as an economical sorbent for removing trace elements from wastewater due to its abundance and easy availability. Numerous studies on the efficiency of CFA on the sorption and removal of PTEs from aqueous solutions and wastewater streams (Gupta and Torres, 1998;Weng and Huang, 2004;Alinnor, 2007;Pehlivan and Cetin, 2007;Wang et al, 2007;Aydin et al, 2008;Koukouzas et al, 2010) have shown that CFA can be used in wastewater treatment because of its major chemical components such as alumina, silica, ferric oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, and carbon, and its physical properties, such as fine particle size and high surface area, which together make CFA a strong sorbent of both organic and inorganic contaminants. Table 4 summarizes results of the use of CFA for PTEs removal from wastewaters.…”

Functionalized dithiocarbamate chelating resin for the removal of Co2+ from simulated wastewater

“…This is probably because the adsorption process is cheap to operate and flexible to maintain, and it also generates a high quality effluent, even when metal ions are in trace concentrations in the feed wastewater (Fu and Wang 2011). Thus, many inorganic and organic adsorbents have been prepared or examined, including zeolites (Jovanovic et al 2012;Padervand and Gholami 2013), clay minerals (Al-Jlil and Alsewailem 2009), fly ash (Gupta and Torres 1998), biosorbents (Kadirvelu et al 2001), and activated carbon (Machida et al 2012). Generally, these adsorbents exhibit high adsorption capacity, but limitations such as high operational costs, low recyclability and the introduction of a large volume of additional contaminants, have also been found.…”

Typha domingensis leaf powder for decontamination of aluminium, iron, zinc and lead: Biosorption kinetics and equilibrium modeling

“…Different countries are devoting concentrated efforts for the treatment and removal of heavy metals in order to combat this problem. The commonly used procedures for removing metal ions from aquatic ecosystems include chemical precipitation, reverse osmosis and solvent extraction (Bayat, 2002;Gupta and Torres, 1998). However, these techniques have certain disadvantages such as incomplete metal removal, high reagent and energy requirements, generation of toxic sludge or other waste products that require disposal (Chandra et al, 2003).…”