Use of fecal volatile organic compound analysis to discriminate between non-vaccinated and BCG—Vaccinated cattle prior to and after Mycobacterium bovis challenge

Ellis, Christine; Rice, Somchai; Maurer, Devin L.; Stahl, Randal S.; Waters, W. Ray; Palmer, Mitchell V.; Nol, Pauline; Rhyan, Jack C.; VerCauteren, Kurt C.; Kozieł, Jacek A.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0179914

Cited by 22 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Development of accurate, efficient, and noninvasive methods to detect MTBC in wild swine would greatly benefit surveillance and disease management efforts. Volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis technology is being explored extensively for its potential to detect tuberculosis in humans as well as in other species, such as cattle (Bos taurus) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Use of these compounds, obtained from various biological samples such as breath and feces, has great potential to fulfill needs for an ideal remote or point-of-care surveillance tool in all species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Volatile Organic Compounds Obtained from Breath and Feces to Detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in Doñana National Park, Spain

et al. 2020

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The presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in wild swine, such as in wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Eurasia, is cause for serious concern. Development of accurate, efficient, and noninvasive methods to detect MTBC in wild swine would be highly beneficial to surveillance and disease management efforts in affected populations. Here, we describe the first report of identification of volatile organic compounds (VOC) obtained from the breath and feces of wild boar to distinguish between MTBC-positive and MTBC-negative boar. We analyzed breath and fecal VOC collected from 15 MTBC-positive and 18 MTBC-negative wild boar in Donaña National Park in Southeast Spain. Analyses were divided into three age classes, namely, adults (>2 years), sub-adults (12–24 months), and juveniles (<12 months). We identified significant compounds by applying the two-tailed statistical t-test for two samples assuming unequal variance, with an α value of 0.05. One statistically significant VOC was identified in breath samples from adult wild boar and 14 were identified in breath samples from juvenile wild boar. One statistically significant VOC was identified in fecal samples collected from sub-adult wild boar and three were identified in fecal samples from juvenile wild boar. In addition, discriminant function analysis (DFA) was used to build classification models for MTBC prediction in juvenile animals. Using DFA, we were able to distinguish between MTBC-positive juvenile wild boar and MTBC-negative juvenile wild boar using breath VOC or fecal VOC. Based on our results, further research is warranted and should be performed using larger sample sizes, as well as wild boar from various geographic locations, to verify these compounds as biomarkers for MTBC infection in this species. This new approach to detect MTBC infection in free-ranging wild boar potentially comprises a reliable and efficient screening tool for surveillance in animal populations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Volatile Organic Compounds Obtained from Breath and Feces to Detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in Doñana National Park, Spain

et al. 2020

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“…This design feature is in contrast to the majority of previous studies of animal health and fecal volatiles where measurements were made at a single time point representing the healthy status and/or the disease state. Such “snapshots” have been used in many recent studies to identify disease or infection using volatile metabolites present in feces [11, 14–16], breath [14, 27–30], or other emanation [31–33]. To be useful for monitoring population health, characterized signals must be robust and reliable over extended periods, not just at specific time points following immunization or infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result of these and other studies, instrumental investigations of the host’s volatile metabolome as a source of disease signals have recently increased. For example, examination of fecal volatiles by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry has been featured for detection of avian influenza in mallard ducks [11]; bovine tuberculosis in goats [13, 14], white-tailed deer [15], and cattle [16]; and gastrointestinal diseases in humans [17, 18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile metabolomic signatures of rabies immunization in two mesocarnivore species

Kimball

Volker²,

Griffin³

et al. 2019

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Rabies is a zoonotic disease caused by infection with rabies virus, which circulates naturally in several wild carnivore and bat reservoirs in the United States (US). The most important reservoir in the US from an animal and public health perspective is the raccoon (Procyon lotor). To prevent the westward expansion of a significant raccoon rabies epizootic along the eastern seaboard, an operational control program implementing oral rabies vaccination (ORV) has existed in the US since the 1990s. Recently, two vaccine efficacy studies conducted with raccoons and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) provided the opportunity to determine if volatile fecal metabolites might be used to non-invasively monitor ORV programs and/or predict virus protection for these species. The volatile metabolome is a rich source of information that may significantly contribute to our understanding of disease and infection. Fecal samples were collected at multiple time points from raccoons and striped skunks subjected to oral treatment with rabies vaccine (or sham). Intramuscular challenge with a lethal dose of rabies virus was used to determine protection status at six (raccoons) and 11 (skunks) months post-vaccination. In addition to fecal samples, blood was collected at various time points to permit quantitative assessment of rabies antibody responses arising from immunization. Feces were analyzed by headspace gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection and the chromatographic responses were grouped according to cluster analysis. Cluster scores were subjected to multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) to determine if fecal volatiles may hold a signal of immunization status. Multiple regression was then used to build models of the measured immune responses based on the metabolomic data. MANOVA results identified one cluster associated with protective status of skunks and one cluster associated with protective status of raccoons. Regression models demonstrated considerably greater success in predicting rabies antibody responses in both species. This is the first study to link volatile compounds with measures of adaptive immunity and provides further evidence that the volatile metabolome holds great promise for contributing to our understanding of disease and infections. The volatile metabolome may be an important resource for monitoring rabies immunization in raccoons and striped skunks.

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“…Sin embargo, los equipos costosos (cromatografía de gases/espectrometría de masas y nanomateriales), la alta experticia para manipularlos, la necesidad de patrones y la obligatoriedad de realizar técnicas para pre-concentrar y deshumificar las muestras son las principales debilidades prácticas, que muy seguramente impedirán su uso generalizado. Por lo pronto, se requieren nuevos estudios en poblaciones experimentales y naturalmente infectadas en zonas con diferentes comportamientos epizootiológicos, para verificar o refinar los patrones de biomarcadores [86].…”

Section: Compuestosunclassified

Prevención y diagnóstico veterinario de la tuberculosis bovina. Una revisión de las tendencias globales

et al. 2019

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Introducción: la tuberculosis bovina (TBb) causada por Mycobacterium bovis es una enfermedad bacteriana grave, crónica, reemergente y zoonótica. Afecta a la producción pecuaria, así como a los animales silvestres y afectivos. En los hatos bovinos provoca sustanciales pérdidas económicas relacionadas con las medidas sanitarias para su control, e importantes restricciones comerciales a los productos derivados. Dado que las estrategias de prevención y control deben actualizarse con relación a los desarrollos científicos se realizó el estudio para presentar los avances y tendencias científico-tecnológicas alrededor de las estrategias sanitarias para el control de la TBb. Metodología: Se realizó una amplia consulta de artículos originales y de revisión, sobre vacunas y diagnóstico de TBb entre los años 2002 y 2017, en las bases de datos MEDLINE/PubMed, EBSCO y SciELO. Resultados: se encontró una activa y consistente acción internacional orientada a explorar formulaciones vacunales y avances en herramientas diagnósticas robustas. No se reportaron avances importantes en el desarrollo de inmunógenos para el ganado bovino. Tampoco se reportó una prueba con altos valores de sensibilidad (Se) y especificidad (Es) para el diagnóstico poblacional de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: se estima que los adelantos científicos y tecnológicos obtenidos durante los últimos años, no necesariamente van a contribuir por el momento, con el éxito de los programas nacionales de control y erradicación de la TBb. Por lo tanto, en este contexto la priorización de un abordaje integral que considere las realidades de cada región o país, dentro del concepto “Una sola salud”, el empleo combinado y estratégico de los sistemas diagnósticos el firme compromiso político de los gobiernos y la cooperación internacional son indispensables para avanzar en la lucha contra esta enfermedad.

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Use of fecal volatile organic compound analysis to discriminate between non-vaccinated and BCG—Vaccinated cattle prior to and after Mycobacterium bovis challenge

Cited by 22 publications

References 76 publications

Evaluation of Volatile Organic Compounds Obtained from Breath and Feces to Detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in Doñana National Park, Spain

Evaluation of Volatile Organic Compounds Obtained from Breath and Feces to Detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in Doñana National Park, Spain

Volatile metabolomic signatures of rabies immunization in two mesocarnivore species

Prevención y diagnóstico veterinario de la tuberculosis bovina. Una revisión de las tendencias globales

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