Use of Enterococcus, BST and Sterols for Poultry Pollution Source Tracking in Surface and Groundwater

Furtula, Vesna; Jackson, Charlene R.; Osman, Rozita; Chambers, Patricia A.

doi:10.5772/30191

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Surface and ground water samples were collected from 12 and 28 sites, respectively, in the Abbotsford area of British Columbia, Canada, near poultry farms and berry farms that used poultry litter as fertilizer, as well as a reference site in a residential area in Port Moody, British Columbia [22]. Ground water sites were sampled in April, August, and December of 2009.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococcus spp. Isolated from Environmental Samples in an Area of Intensive Poultry Production

Furtula

Jackson

Farrell

et al. 2013

IJERPH

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Enterococcus spp. from two poultry farms and proximate surface and ground water sites in an area of intensive poultry production were tested for resistance to 16 clinical antibiotics. Resistance patterns were compared to assess trends and possible correlations for specific antimicrobials and levels of resistance. Enterococci were detected at all 12 surface water sites and three of 28 ground water sites. Resistance to lincomycin, tetracycline, penicillin and ciprofloxacin in poultry litter isolates was high (80.3%, 65.3%, 61.1% and 49.6%, respectively). Resistance in the surface water to the same antibiotics was 87.1%, 24.1%, 7.6% and 12.9%, respectively. Overall, 86% of litter isolates, 58% of surface water isolates and 100% of ground water isolates were resistant to more than one antibiotic. Fifty-four different resistance patterns were recognised in isolates obtained from litter and environmental samples and several E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates from litter and environment samples shared the same resistance pattern. Multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) indices calculated to assess health risks due to the presence of resistant enterococci suggested an increased presence of antibiotics in surface water, likely from poultry sources as no other wastewater contributions in the area were documented.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococcus spp. Isolated from Environmental Samples in an Area of Intensive Poultry Production

Furtula

Jackson

Farrell

et al. 2013

IJERPH

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Analysis of C 29 sterols could potentially address this question as they can serve as biomarkers for complex pools of carbon that are travelling through the aquifer sediments (such as organic matter derived from plants versus human/livestock waste in sediments) (Biache and Philp, 2013; Chikaraishi et al, 2005; Furtula et al, 2012; Lee et al, 2011; Martins et al, 2011; Tolosa et al, 2013; Tse et al, 2014). The relative distributions of these biomarkers can provide an indication of how much input from each source has occurred.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, coprostanol (5β-cholestan-3β-ol, logK OW ≈ 8.2) is biosynthesized from cholesterol exclusively within the mammalian gut and comprises 25 to 90% of total steroids in feces (Leeming et al, 1996). It is therefore a widely accepted biomarker for sewage/fecal matter of human or animal origin (Chou and Liu, 2004; Furtula et al, 2012; Hussain et al, 2010; Lee et al, 2011; Martins et al, 2011). Under aerobic conditions in sandy sediments, Pratt et al (2008) observed that coprostanol degrades more slowly than fecal bacterial indicators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human and livestock waste as a reduced carbon source contributing to the release of arsenic to shallow Bangladesh groundwater

Whaley-Martin

Mailloux

Geen

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

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Recent studies have demonstrated that the supply of relatively young organic carbon stimulates the release of arsenic to groundwater in Bangladesh. This study explores the potential role of human and livestock waste as a significant source of this carbon in a densely populated rural area with limited sanitation. Profiles of aquifer sediment samples were analyzed for phytosterols and coprostanol to assess the relative contributions of plant-derived and human/livestock waste-derived organic carbon at two well-characterized sites in Araihazar. Coprostanol concentrations increased with depth from non-detection (<10 m at Site B and <23 m at Site F) to maxima of 1.3 and 0.5 ng/g in aquifer sands recovered from 17 m (Site B) and 26 m (Site F), respectively. The commonly used sewage contamination index ([5β-coprostanol]/([5α-cholestanol] + [5β-coprostanol])) exceeds 0.7 between 12 and 19 m at Site B and between 24 and 26 m at Site F, indicating input of human/livestock waste to these depths. Urine/fecal input within the same depth range is supported by groundwater Cl/Br mass ratios >1000 compared to Cl/Br <500 at depths >50 m. Installed tube wells in the area’s study sites may act as a conduit for DOC and specifically human/livestock waste into the aquifer during flood events. The depth range of maximum input of human/livestock waste indicated by these independent markers coincides with the highest dissolved Fe (10–20 mg/L) and As (200–400 μg/L) concentrations in groundwater at both sites. The new findings suggest that the oxidation of human/livestock waste coupled to the reductive dissolution of iron-(oxy)-hydroxides and/or arsenate may enhance groundwater contamination with As.

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Use of Enterococcus, BST and Sterols for Poultry Pollution Source Tracking in Surface and Groundwater

Cited by 2 publications

References 44 publications

Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococcus spp. Isolated from Environmental Samples in an Area of Intensive Poultry Production

Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococcus spp. Isolated from Environmental Samples in an Area of Intensive Poultry Production

Human and livestock waste as a reduced carbon source contributing to the release of arsenic to shallow Bangladesh groundwater

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