Use of Electronic Vapor Products Before, During, and After Pregnancy Among Women with a Recent Live Birth — Oklahoma and Texas, 2015

Kapaya, Martha; D’Angelo, Denise V.; Tong, Van T.; England, Lucinda J.; Ruffo, Nan; Cox, Shanna; Warner, Lee; Bombard, Jennifer M.; Guthrie, Tanya; Lampkins, Ayesha; King, Brian A.

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6808a1

Cited by 67 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…8,9 The use of EC among pregnant women has increased substantially in recent years. 10 EC are viewed positively by many pregnant women, and research suggests they are perceived as less harmful than cigarettes and useful aids for smoking cessation, despite reservations about safety and nicotine dependence. 11,12 However, the true risks or benefits of EC use are not well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic cigarettes and obstetric outcomes: a prospective observational study

McDonnell

Regan

2020

BJOG

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Objective To compare the obstetric outcomes and socio‐demographic factors in electronic cigarette (EC) users with cigarette smokers and non‐smokers in pregnancy. Design Prospective observational cohort study. Setting A large urban maternity hospital delivering almost 8500 infants per year. Population Pregnant women attending for antenatal care. Methods Electronic cigarette users at time of booking history were prospectively identified. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared with those of pregnant smokers and non‐smokers. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the association between the explanatory variables and birthweight. Main outcomes measures Infant birthweight, gestation at delivery, incidence of low birthweight. Results A total of 218 women with exclusive EC use and 195 women with dual use of both cigarettes and EC, had a live birth during the study period. EC users were of higher socio‐economic status than smokers. Infants born to EC users had a mean birthweight of 3470 g (± 555 g), which was similar to that of non‐smokers (3471 ± 504 g, P = 0.97) and significantly greater than that of smokers (3166 ± 502 g, P < 0.001). The mean birth centile of EC users was similar to non‐smokers (51st centile versus 47th centile, P = 0.28) and significantly greater than that of smokers (27th centile, P < 0.001). Dual users had a mean birthweight and birth centile similar to that of smokers. Conclusion The birthweight of infants born to EC users is similar to that of non‐smokers, and significantly greater than cigarette smokers. Dual users of both cigarettes and EC have a birthweight similar to that of smokers. Tweetable extract Birthweight of infants born to electronic cigarette users appears to be similar to that of non‐smokers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic cigarettes and obstetric outcomes: a prospective observational study

McDonnell

Regan

2020

BJOG

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“…Also, in a small survey of pregnant smokers from Connecticut and Massachusetts, 53% reported having ever used an ECIG (Oncken et al, ). An analysis of National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data reported 3.6% (weighted prevalence) of pregnant participants were current e‐cig users, with estimates rising to 38.9% among pregnant current cigarette smokers (Liu et al, ), Most recently, data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System from Oklahoma and Texas was published and showed that 7.0% of women reported using an “electronic vapor device” before, during, or after pregnancy (Kapaya et al, ). Among women of reproductive age and pregnant women, correlates of ECIG use include younger age, and being White/non‐Hispanic (Ashford et al, ).…”

Section: Who Is Using Ecigs?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic nicotine delivery systems and pregnancy: Recent research on perceptions, cessation, and toxicant delivery

Breland

McCubbin

Ashford

2019

Birth Defects Research

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Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), which includes e‐cigarettes (ECIGs), are a rapidly‐expanding class of products that heat a liquid (which may or may not contain nicotine) to produce an aerosol. The variation of ECIG components is extensive as are their effects on users. Epidemiological data show that while both adults and youth use ECIGs, use among youth has increased dramatically in recent years. Other epidemiological data show that women of reproductive age and some pregnant women are also using ECIGs. The goal of this article is to provide readers with background information about ECIGs, with a focus on recent findings about ECIG use in pregnancy and potential implications. Among pregnant women, correlates of ECIG use include current cigarette smoking, among other factors. Regarding pregnant women's perceptions of ECIG use in pregnancy, two themes emerge from the literature: many pregnant women perceive ECIGs to be safer than conventional cigarettes, and that ECIGs can aid with smoking cessation. In contrast to these perceptions, there is little concrete evidence that ECIGs help smokers quit. In addition, there are concerns about ECIG nicotine and other toxicant delivery. Nicotine is a toxicant of particular concern for pregnant women, as nicotine is known to harm a developing fetus. There are many limitations to existing research, and the literature is scant in this area. Further, new “pod mod”‐style ECIGs such as JUUL present new challenges. Overall, with limited evidence of their effectiveness, and concerns about developmental toxicology, the authors do not recommend that pregnant women use ECIGs.

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“…In recent years, e‐cigarettes have gained significant popularity among the young generation, for its delivery of nicotine in an aerosol form with advertised lower toxicity than tobacco cigarettes . Many women vape e‐cigarette at the start of pregnancy aiming to reduce the number of tobacco cigarettes or stop cigarette smoking . Quite often pregnant women consider e‐vaping is safe during pregnancy .…”

Section: Is Nicotine the Key Player?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many women vape e‐cigarette at the start of pregnancy aiming to reduce the number of tobacco cigarettes or stop cigarette smoking . Quite often pregnant women consider e‐vaping is safe during pregnancy . Now it is quite clear that certain flavoured e‐fluids can be toxic and e‐vaping harms not only the lung but also the other organs .…”

Section: Is Nicotine the Key Player?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…47 Quite often pregnant women consider e-vaping is safe during pregnancy. 47 Now it is quite clear that certain flavoured e-fluids can be toxic and e-vaping harms not only the lung but also the other organs. [48][49][50] Growing evidence from animal studies including those from our own group has suggested that e-vaping during pregnancy may have detrimental impacts on multiple organ systems in the offspring at different postnatal ages, including the brain.…”

Section: Is Ni Cotine the K E Y Pl Ayer?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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What lessons have we learnt about the impact of maternal cigarette smoking from animal models?

Chan

Oliver

Chen

2019

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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Maternal first‐ or second‐hand tobacco smoking during pregnancy is still common albeit that the detrimental effects to the unborn child are well known. Maternal tobacco cigarette smoking can affect multiple organ systems in the offspring, rendering them at increased risk of various conditions throughout life (eg. intrauterine underdevelopment, asthma, substance abuse, diabetes). However, this review will only focus on its impact on the brain and the related molecular changes in the offspring based on evidence from animal studies. Although epidemiological studies have identified the associations between maternal cigarette smoke exposure (SE) and brain disorders, animal models can help identify the underlying mechanisms and test interventions. Human studies have found that maternal SE is closely linked to small brain size and changes in brain structure and associated with a high risk of cognitive defects. Animal models suggest that this may be due to increased brain oxidative stress and inflammation during the neonatal period, leading to increased brain cell apoptosis in adulthood. There is a distinct gender bias of such impacts, where male offspring are more affected than females. Female offspring seem to have developed the adaptation by increasing endogenous antioxidant levels. Indeed, animal studies have shown that using antioxidant supplementation during pregnancy can improve neurological outcomes in male offspring, however, the efficacy in humans is yet to be confirmed. Furthermore, some animal studies suggested nicotine as the key player in intrauterine underdevelopment due to maternal SE, while human clinical trials using nicotine replacement therapy do not support this mechanism. This review will discuss the possible reasons.

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Use of Electronic Vapor Products Before, During, and After Pregnancy Among Women with a Recent Live Birth — Oklahoma and Texas, 2015

Cited by 67 publications

References 7 publications

Electronic cigarettes and obstetric outcomes: a prospective observational study

Electronic cigarettes and obstetric outcomes: a prospective observational study

Electronic nicotine delivery systems and pregnancy: Recent research on perceptions, cessation, and toxicant delivery

What lessons have we learnt about the impact of maternal cigarette smoking from animal models?

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