Use of either transcranial or <scp>whole‐body</scp> photobiomodulation treatments improves <scp>COVID</scp>‐19 brain fog

Bowen, Robert; Arany, Praveen R.

doi:10.1002/jbio.202200391

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…[ 25 ] France 11/01/2023 Clinical trial 34 PEBL Mindfulness-based interventions Neuro-meditation using the Rebalance® device has significantly improve mood, physical, and mental fatigue, as well as cognitive functioning in the intervention group compare to control (i.e., no evident cognitive improvement of the control group) Noda et al [ 26 ] Japan 28/12/2022 Case-series 23 PDQ-D-5 Noninvasive brain stimulation(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation + intermittent theta burst stimulation) The cognitive function assessed by PDQ-D-5 improved from 10.0 (± 5.2) to 6.3 (± 4.7), showing a significant improvement in cognitive function, with none of the patients showing deterioration in their cognitive function, following the TMS treatment Zilberman-Itskovich et al [ 27 ] Israel 12/07/2022 Clinical Trial 73 NeuroTrax computerized testing battery Oxygen therapy hyperbaric Following HBOT, there was a significant group-by-time interaction in global cognitive function, attention and executive function. Clinical outcomes were associated with significant improvement in brain MRI perfusion and microstructural changes in the supramarginal gyrus, left supplementary motor area, right insula, left frontal precentral gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, and superior corona radiate Bowen et al [ 28 ] USA 05/04/2023 Pilot study 14 MoCA Noninvasive brain stimulation (Photobiomodulation) Noted significant improvements in MoCA scores following tPBM Robbins et al [ 29 ] United Kingdom 21/11/2021 Cohort 10 NeuroTrax computerized testing battery Oxygen therapy hyperbaric Hyperbaric oxygen therapy yielded a statistically signi...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies described the use of noninvasive brain stimulation as a treatment modality [ 14 , 16 , 21 , 23 , 26 , 28 ]. Noninvasive brain stimulation involves a variety of techniques.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Noninvasive brain stimulation involves a variety of techniques. In our review, we describe theta burst stimulation [ 14 , 26 ], transcranial magnetic stimulation [ 16 , 26 ], transcranial direct current stimulation [ 21 ], transcranial alternating current stimulation [ 23 ], and photobiomodulation [ 28 ]. Despite the use of various types of noninvasive brain stimulation, all studies have demonstrated improvements in brain fog symptoms [ 14 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intervention modalities for brain fog caused by long-COVID: systematic review of the literature

Gorenshtein,

Liba,

Leibovitch

et al. 2024

Neurol Sci

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Individuals suffering from long-COVID can present with “brain fog”, which is characterized by a range of cognitive impairments, such as confusion, short-term memory loss, and difficulty concentrating. To date, several potential interventions for brain fog have been considered. Notably, no systematic review has comprehensively discussed the impact of each intervention type on brain fog symptoms. We included studies on adult (aged > 18 years) individuals with proven long- COVID brain-fog symptoms from PubMed, MEDLINE, Central, Scopus, and Embase. A search limit was set for articles published between 01/2020 and 31/12/2023. We excluded studies lacking an objective assessment of brain fog symptoms and patients with preexisting neurological diseases that affected cognition before COVID-19 infection. This review provided relevant information from 17 studies. The rehabilitation studies utilized diverse approaches, leading to a range of outcomes in terms of the effectiveness of the interventions. Six studies described noninvasive brain stimulation, and all showed improvement in cognitive ability. Three studies described hyperbaric oxygen therapy, all of which showed improvements in cognitive assessment tests and brain perfusion. Two studies showed that the use of Palmitoylethanolamide and Luteolin (PEA-LUT) improved cognitive impairment. Noninvasive brain stimulation and hyperbaric oxygen therapy showed promising results in the treatment of brain fog symptoms caused by long-COVID, with improved perfusion and cortical excitability. Furthermore, both rehabilitation strategies and PEA-LUT administration have been associated with improvements in symptoms of brain fog. Future studies should explore combinations of interventions and include longer follow-up periods to assess the long-term effects of these treatments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies described the use of noninvasive brain stimulation as a treatment modality [ 14 , 16 , 21 , 23 , 26 , 28 ]. Noninvasive brain stimulation involves a variety of techniques.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Intervention modalities for brain fog caused by long-COVID: systematic review of the literature

Gorenshtein,

Liba,

Leibovitch

et al. 2024

Neurol Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast, systemic PBM tested in preclinical studies has involved placing animals under an irradiation apparatus and exposing their entire bodies to an LED array located overhead [ 25 , 26 ]. Various whole-body light pods have also been developed to offer a more accessible PBM treatment option for human patients [ 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Treatment Paradigms Of Pbm For Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Photobiomodulation in experimental models of Alzheimer’s disease: state-of-the-art and translational perspectives

Huang,

Hamblin,

Zhang

2024

Alz Res Therapy

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) poses a significant public health problem, affecting millions of people across the world. Despite decades of research into therapeutic strategies for AD, effective prevention or treatment for this devastating disorder remains elusive. In this review, we discuss the potential of photobiomodulation (PBM) for preventing and alleviating AD-associated pathologies, with a focus on the biological mechanisms underlying this therapy. Future research directions and guidance for clinical practice for this non-invasive and non-pharmacological therapy are also highlighted. The available evidence indicates that different treatment paradigms, including transcranial and systemic PBM, along with the recently proposed remote PBM, all could be promising for AD. PBM exerts diverse biological effects, such as enhancing mitochondrial function, mitigating the neuroinflammation caused by activated glial cells, increasing cerebral perfusion, improving glymphatic drainage, regulating the gut microbiome, boosting myokine production, and modulating the immune system. We suggest that PBM may serve as a powerful therapeutic intervention for AD.

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“…PBM has been proposed as a treatment for diabetic kidney disease [503], also potentially acting via the MGBA. PBM has also been proposed as a treatment for a number of neurological diseases based on pre-clinical studies and small clinical trials, including depression and anxiety [504], MS [505], ASD [506], long COVID with brain fog [507], stroke [508], AD [509], neuropsychiatric disorders [510], and TBI [511], all of which have an MGBA involvement. It would be informative to understand the extent to which the microbiome is also modified by PBM in these treatments.…”

Section: Photobiomodulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases and the Gut-Brain Axis: The Potential of Therapeutic Targeting of the Microbiome

Bicknell

Liebert

Borody

et al. 2023

IJMS

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The human gut microbiome contains the largest number of bacteria in the body and has the potential to greatly influence metabolism, not only locally but also systemically. There is an established link between a healthy, balanced, and diverse microbiome and overall health. When the gut microbiome becomes unbalanced (dysbiosis) through dietary changes, medication use, lifestyle choices, environmental factors, and ageing, this has a profound effect on our health and is linked to many diseases, including lifestyle diseases, metabolic diseases, inflammatory diseases, and neurological diseases. While this link in humans is largely an association of dysbiosis with disease, in animal models, a causative link can be demonstrated. The link between the gut and the brain is particularly important in maintaining brain health, with a strong association between dysbiosis in the gut and neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. This link suggests not only that the gut microbiota composition can be used to make an early diagnosis of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases but also that modifying the gut microbiome to influence the microbiome–gut–brain axis might present a therapeutic target for diseases that have proved intractable, with the aim of altering the trajectory of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, autism spectrum disorder, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, among others. There is also a microbiome–gut–brain link to other potentially reversible neurological diseases, such as migraine, post-operative cognitive dysfunction, and long COVID, which might be considered models of therapy for neurodegenerative disease. The role of traditional methods in altering the microbiome, as well as newer, more novel treatments such as faecal microbiome transplants and photobiomodulation, are discussed.

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Use of either transcranial or whole‐body photobiomodulation treatments improves COVID‐19 brain fog

Cited by 8 publications

References 111 publications

Intervention modalities for brain fog caused by long-COVID: systematic review of the literature

Intervention modalities for brain fog caused by long-COVID: systematic review of the literature

Photobiomodulation in experimental models of Alzheimer’s disease: state-of-the-art and translational perspectives

Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases and the Gut-Brain Axis: The Potential of Therapeutic Targeting of the Microbiome

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