Use of eddy current testing method in detection and evaluation of sensitisation and intergranular corrosion in austenitic stainless steels

Shaikh, H.; Sivaibharasi, N.; Sundaravel, B.; Anita, T.; Amirthalingam, R.; Rao, B. P. C.; Jayakumar, T.; Khatak, H. S.; Raj, Baldev

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2005.05.017

Cited by 92 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…For metallographic examinations, the welded samples of facet 50 × 10 × 3 mm 3 were obtained in the transverse direction of weldment and polished on successive papers up to 2000 grit emery paper followed by velvet cloth polishing with 0.75 µm alumina slurry. In order to reveal the microstructures, electrolytic etching was performed in accordance with the ASTM A-262 practice A test 14) . Microhardness measurement was carried out in the transverse direction of weldments at regular intervals using the Vickers hardness testwer at 500 g/20 s 15) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Electrodes and Post Weld Solution Annealing Treatment on Microstructures, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Dissimilar High Nitrogen Austenitic and Conventional Austenitic Stainless Steel Weldments

2017

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In the present investigation, the dissimilar metal butt joints between low nickel high nitrogen 201 stainless steel and conventional 304 stainless steel were prepared by shielded metal arc welding process with two different llers, E308L and E309L. The effects of llers, along with variation in solution annealing temperature as 1050 C and 1100 C, on the microstructural characteristics, mechanical properties, and intergranular corrosion behaviour of dissimilar weldments were investigated. The primary δ-ferrites of fusion zone were transformed into austenite at the solution annealing temperature for both the llers and the transformation rate was accelerated with the increased solution annealing temperature. This led to a reduction in the ferritic-austenitic interface and subsequently improved the corrosion resistance. The double loop electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation test was performed to measure the degree of sensitization. The fracture surface examination of weldments revealed the presence of a brous structure before the solution annealing treatment and demonstrated a ductile failure. After the solution annealing treatment, the ferrite to austenite transformation treatment led to a river like morphology and indicated for brittle fracture.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Electrodes and Post Weld Solution Annealing Treatment on Microstructures, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Dissimilar High Nitrogen Austenitic and Conventional Austenitic Stainless Steel Weldments

2017

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“…These differences in the morphology of corrosion attack are due to chromium carbide precipitation in the sensitised sample. Areas depleted of alloying elements (Cr, Mo) appear surrounding chromium carbides (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) and these areas are preferential zones for corrosion attack. In the sensitised samples corrosion attack grows along these areas that are in the grain boundaries.…”

Section: Ecs Transactions 41 (24) 45-54 (2012)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in austenitic stainless steels, an improper heat treatment in the temperature range between 500 and 900 ºC causes chromium and carbon to react at grain boundaries and form chromium carbides. Concomitant with the formation of chromium, depletion zones appear at the adjacent zones (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). Then, the corrosion resistance of the steels decreases as a result of the precipitation of chromium carbides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Study of Corrosion Evolution of Alloy 926 (UNS N08926) in its Unsensitized and Sensitized State in LiBr Solutions Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

2012

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The aim of this work is to study the corrosion evolution of a unsensitised and sensitised stainless steel in a 992 g/l LiBr solution. The tested material has been a highly alloyed austenitic stainless steel (UNS N08926) in its as-received state and heated at 825 ºC for 1 hour in an inert atmosphere. Tests have been carried out in an electrochemical minicell that can be put in the stage of a confocal microscope. Differences in the evolution of morphology attack have been observed between the unsensitised and sensitised samples. The used technique has demonstrated to be very useful to check differences in the evolution of corrosion processes.

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“…Austenitic stainless steels possess excellent resistance to general corrosion; however, when they are subjected to a treatment like welding in the temperature range between 500°C and 800°C, they suffer from corrosion in forms of intergranular corrosion and intergranular stress corrosion cracking. This is generally attributed to sensitization as a result of chromium depletion which in turn is due to the chromium carbide precipitation in the grain boundaries [1][2][3][4][5]. Sensitization as a serious and momentous problem during welding of stainless steel has not been completely prevented by conventional techniques such as reduction of carbon content (below 0.03 wt.%), addition of strong carbide formers (such as titanium, niobium or zirconium), and solution heat treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of weld-decay in austenitic stainless steel by using surface mechanical attrition treatment

2012

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Surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) was applied to the samples of a type AISI 304 stainless steel in order to induce grain refinement as well as formation of twins. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis results showed that the average grain size at the surface of the SMATed sample was about 10 nm. The untreated and SMATed samples were then welded using a one-pass gas tungsten arc procedure. The heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the samples was examined by optical microscopy and corrosion tests. Results of the double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation tests showed that the degree of sensitization in the HAZ for the SMATed sample was very low as compared to that of the untreated one. The pre-SMATed sample was resistant to intergranular corrosion. This is mainly due to the formation of high density of twins which are not prone to carbide precipitation because of their regular and coherent atomic structure and extreme low grain boundary energy as compared with those of other grain boundaries.

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Use of eddy current testing method in detection and evaluation of sensitisation and intergranular corrosion in austenitic stainless steels

Cited by 92 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of Electrodes and Post Weld Solution Annealing Treatment on Microstructures, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Dissimilar High Nitrogen Austenitic and Conventional Austenitic Stainless Steel Weldments

Effect of Electrodes and Post Weld Solution Annealing Treatment on Microstructures, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Dissimilar High Nitrogen Austenitic and Conventional Austenitic Stainless Steel Weldments

In Situ Study of Corrosion Evolution of Alloy 926 (UNS N08926) in its Unsensitized and Sensitized State in LiBr Solutions Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

Prevention of weld-decay in austenitic stainless steel by using surface mechanical attrition treatment

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