Use of Discretionary Protective Equipment in High School Athletes: Prevalence and Determinants

Yang, Jingzhen; Bowling, J. Michael; Lewis, Megan A.; Marshall, Stephen W.; Runyan, Carol S. Wolf; Mueller, Frederick O.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2004.050807

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…The association between injury history and incident injury strengthened (RRs ranging from 3.0 to 11.0) in injury-specific analyses, in which injury history and incident injury were mutually limited to specific types of different LE injuries including hip injury, knee ligament injury, ankle sprain, and stress fractures. Previous studies in civilian athletic/active populations have found similar associations between previous lower extremity injury and subsequent lower extremity (17, 18, 25, 31) and increased incidence of recurrent ankle and knee injuries (29). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Association of Injury History and Incident Injury in Cadet Basic Military Training

Kucera

Marshall

Wolf

et al. 2016

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Purpose To determine the association between injury history at enrollment and incident lower extremity (LE) injury during cadet basic training among first-year military cadets. Methods Medically treated LE injuries during cadet basic training documented in the Defense Medical Surveillance System (DMSS) were ascertained in a prospective cohort study of three large U.S. military academies from 2005–2008. Both acute injuries (ICD-9 codes in the 800–900s, including fracture, dislocations, sprains/strains) and injury-related musculoskeletal injuries (ICD-9 codes in the 700s, including inflammation and pain, joint derangement, stress fracture, sprain/strain/rupture, and dislocation) were included. Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using multivariate log-binomial models stratified by gender. Results During basic training there were 1,438 medically treated acute and 1,719 musculoskeletal-related LE injuries in the 9,811 cadets. The most frequent LE injuries were sprains/strains (73.6% of acute) and inflammation and pain (89.6% of musculoskeletal-related). The overall risk of incident LE injury was 23.2% [95%CI: 22.3%, 24.0%]. Cadets with a previous history of LE injury were at increased risk for incident LE injury. This association was identical in males (RR=1.74 [1.55, 1.94]) and females (RR=1.74 [1.52, 1.99]). In site-specific analyses, strong associations between injury history and incident injury were observed for hip, knee ligament, stress fracture, and ankle sprain. Injury risk was greater (p<0.01) for females (39.1%) compared to males (18.0%). The elevated injury risk in females (RR=2.19 [2.04, 2.36]) was independent of injury history (adjusted RR=2.09 [1.95, 2.24]). Conclusion Injury history upon entry to the military is associated with incidence of LE injuries sustained during cadet basic training. Prevention programs targeted at modifiable factors in cadets with a prior history of LE injury should be considered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Association of Injury History and Incident Injury in Cadet Basic Military Training

Kucera

Marshall

Wolf

et al. 2016

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A current estimate of lower extremity discretionary protective equipment use among high school girls’ sports is 38 per cent, and female athletes are significantly more likely than male athletes to use ankle braces, shin guards and knee pads, but not knee braces 68. The use of such equipment has also been evaluated as a protective factor against lower extremity injury.…”

Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there an injury epidemic in girls’ sports?

Knowles

2009

Br J Sports Med

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Injuries to prominent sportswomen have raised questions about whether there is an injury epidemic for female athletes. Our aim was to synthesise the data on overall injury incidence among female athletes and present the evidence for specific injuries for which female athletes appear to be at greater risk than male athletes. We also reviewed the severity of female injuries, the hypothesised risk factors and injury prevention studies. In general, women have a lower rate of injury than men. Women are at greater risk for specific injuries such as non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries, but these injuries are relatively rare. Further, women tend to have higher rates of surgery for the same injuries than men. Nevertheless, injury rates likely can be reduced by research efforts to identify modifiable risk factors using rigorous epidemiological methods and the investigation of effective prevention programmes.

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“…Coaching experience, qualifications, and training was a composite variable based on coaches' answers to five yes/ no questions, categorized into low (from zero to two positive answers), medium (three positive answers), and high (four or five positive answers) (17,18). Competition division (divisions 1A-4A) is based on school enrollment.…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Prospective Study of Injury Incidence among North Carolina High School Athletes

Knowles

Marshall

Bowling

et al. 2006

American Journal of Epidemiology

113

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Sports-related injuries are an issue of concern in high school sports athletes. A prospective cohort study of injury risk factors was conducted from 1996 to 1999 among varsity high school athletes in 12 sports in 100 North Carolina high schools. Data were collected by trained school personnel. Unadjusted and adjusted incidence rates and rate ratios were estimated using Poisson regression models. The overall rate of injury was 2.08 per 1,000 athlete-exposures (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.79, 2.41). At 3.54 per 1,000 athlete-exposures (95% CI: 2.87, 4.37), football had the highest rate of injury of all sports. The adjusted rate ratio for athletes with a history of injury, compared with those without a prior injury, was 1.94 (95% CI: 1.69, 2.22). The injury rate rose with each year of playing experience (rate ratio=1.06, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.12). In a subanalysis restricted to gender-comparable sports, boys had a higher rate of injury than did girls (rate ratio=1.33, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.79). All other factors did not appear to be independent predictors of the injury rate. The influence of prior injury suggests that proper rehabilitation and primary prevention of the initial injury are important strategies for injury control.

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Use of Discretionary Protective Equipment in High School Athletes: Prevalence and Determinants

Abstract: Intervention efforts to promote use of discretionary protective equipment need to target school-level factors and should consider both team requirements and the role of peers in setting and reinforcing norms.

Cited by 12 publications

References 50 publications

Association of Injury History and Incident Injury in Cadet Basic Military Training

Association of Injury History and Incident Injury in Cadet Basic Military Training

Is there an injury epidemic in girls’ sports?

A Prospective Study of Injury Incidence among North Carolina High School Athletes

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