Use of different methods for discovery of ice-entrapped microorganisms in ancient layers of the Antarctic glacier

Abyzov, S.S.; Hoover, Richard B.; Imura, Satoru; Mitskevich, Irina N; Naganuma, Takeshi; Poglazova, M. N.; Ivanov, Mikhail

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2003.08.033

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Accretion ice from Lake Vostok enables a unique opportunity to investigate the microbiology of an extreme subglacial environment that has been icecovered for millions of years. Glacial and accretion ice core sections have been extensively studied in terms of the bacterial component and chemistry (Abyzov et al 2004;Bulat et al 2004;Christner et al 2006;D'Elia et al 2008;Karl et al 1999;McKay et al 2003;Priscu et al 1999;Royston-Bishop et al 2005;Siegert et al 2000Siegert et al , 2001Siegert et al , 2003Siegert et al , 2005. This report is the initial detailed study of fungi in Lake Vostok accretion ice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation of fungi from Lake Vostok accretion ice

Delia¹,

Veerapaneni²,

Theraisnathan³

et al. 2009

Mycologia

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Here we report the characterization of fungi from 10 accretion ice sections (3300-5100 y old) as well as two deep glacial ice sections that are close to the bottom of the glacier (1,000,000-2,000,000 y old) from the Vostok, Antarctica, 5G ice core. Fungi were characterized by fluorescence microscopy culturing and sequence analyses of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers. A total of 270 fungal colonies were cultured from the accretion ice of subglacial Lake Vostok and an additional 14 from the glacial ice immediately above the accretion ice. Mean concentrations were 0-4.42 cells mL(-1) ice meltwater of which 0-100% exhibited viability (as determined by fluorescence microscopy). Thirty-one unique fungal ribosomal DNA sequences (28 from accretion ice and three from glacial ice) were determined and compared to recent taxa. The results, plus tests for growth at low temperatures, indicated that Lake Vostok contains a mixture of heterotrophic psychrotolerant fungal species. This indicates that the lake is not sterile but contains a unique ecosystem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fungal component of antarctic environments also has been widely studied. These investigations have identified fungi in glacial ice (Abyzov et al 2004, soil (Arenz et al 2006), airborne spore traps (Marshall 1997) and mosses sampled in Antarctica (Tosi et al 2002). Most are reported to be psychrotolerant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of fungi from Lake Vostok accretion ice

Delia¹,

Veerapaneni²,

Theraisnathan³

et al. 2009

Mycologia

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“…Glacial ice on Earth is known to contain organic material (Barnes et al, 2003;Barletta et al, 2012), including bacteria, algae, viruses, plant fragments, pollen grains, and black carbon. Glacial ice cores from Antarctica have been found to contain bulk cell concentrations of 10 2 to 10 3 cells/mL (Abyzov et al, 1998(Abyzov et al, , 2004Christner et al, 2006), and microbes have been observed in 3590 m deep accretion ice above Lake Vostok (Priscu et al, 1999;Siegert et al, 2001). Higher cell concentrations, up to 10 8 cells/mL, have been measured from silty regions on the Greenland ice sheet (Miteva et al, 2009), and the total number of bacterial cells in the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets is estimated to be 9.61 · 10 25 cells (Priscu and Christner, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

WATSON:In SituOrganic Detection in Subsurface Ice Using Deep-UV Fluorescence Spectroscopy

et al. 2019

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Terrestrial icy environments have been found to preserve organic material and contain habitable niches for microbial life. The cryosphere of other planetary bodies may therefore also serve as an accessible location to search for signs of life. The Wireline Analysis Tool for the Subsurface Observation of Northern ice sheets (WATSON) is a compact deep-UV fluorescence spectrometer for nondestructive ice borehole analysis and spatial mapping of organics and microbes, intended to address the heterogeneity and low bulk densities of organics and microbial cells in ice. WATSON can be either operated standalone or integrated into a wireline drilling system. We present an overview of the WATSON instrument and results from laboratory experiments intended to determine (i) the sensitivity of WATSON to organic material in a water ice matrix and (ii) the ability to detect organic material under various thicknesses of ice. The results of these experiments show that in bubbled ice the instrument has a depth of penetration of 10 mm and a detection limit of fewer than 300 cells. WATSON incorporates a scanning system that can map the distribution of organics and microbes over a 75 by 25 mm area. WATSON demonstrates a sensitive fluorescence mapping technique for organic and microbial detection in icy environments including terrestrial glaciers and ice sheets, and planetary surfaces including Europa, Enceladus, or the martian polar caps.ADC ¼ analog to digital converter DUV ¼ deep-UV LOD ¼ limit of detection LOQ ¼ limit of quantitation LPS ¼ laser power supply PBS ¼ phosphate-buffered saline WATSON ¼ Wireline Analysis Tool for the Subsurface Observation of Northern ice sheets 784 ESHELMAN ET AL.

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“…The microbial diversity of this environment has received much interest from microbiologists in the past few decades. Recently, the use of small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene‐based phylogenetics has greatly facilitated the microbiological study of glacial ice samples (Skidmore et al , 2000; Abyzov et al , 2004; Cheng & Foght, 2007). However, only a few studies have examined the diversity of deep ice core samples drilled from glaciers (Dancer et al , 1997; Willerslev et al , 1999; Christner et al , 2000, 2003; Sheridan et al , 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New subgroup of Bacteroidetes and diverse microorganisms in Tibetan plateau glacial ice provide a biological record of environmental conditions

Zhang

Wang³

et al. 2009

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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We recovered microorganisms from five ice core samples from three glaciers (Puruogangri, Malan, and Dunde) located in the Tibetan Plateau in China and analyzed their small subunit rRNA gene sequences. Most of the bacterial sequences were unknown previously; the most closely related known sequences were from bacteria of the Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria phyla. Chlorophyta, Streptophyta, Ciliophora, and fungal groups were represented among the 18S rRNA gene sequences that we obtained. The most abundantly represented glacial bacteria were Bacteroidetes, and Chlamydomonas was the predominant eukaryote. Comparative analysis showed that the Bacteroidetes sequences obtained from this study were highly similar to one another but most were only distantly related to previously characterized Bacteroidetes (<92% identity). We propose that our Bacteroidetes sequences represent two novel subgroups: one at the family level and one at the genus level. The unique ice environment and the high abundance of Bacteroidetes, combined with the coexistence of a high abundance of psychrophilic Chlamydomonas, strongly suggests that there is a viable ecosystem on the surface of Tibetan glaciers. Comparisons of microbial community structures in the five ice samples showed distinct differences, likely due to environmental differences in the locations in which the samples were obtained.

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Use of different methods for discovery of ice-entrapped microorganisms in ancient layers of the Antarctic glacier

Cited by 23 publications

References 12 publications

Isolation of fungi from Lake Vostok accretion ice

Isolation of fungi from Lake Vostok accretion ice

WATSON:In SituOrganic Detection in Subsurface Ice Using Deep-UV Fluorescence Spectroscopy

New subgroup of Bacteroidetes and diverse microorganisms in Tibetan plateau glacial ice provide a biological record of environmental conditions

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