Use of Diesel Mixed With Ethanol and Ethyl Acetate for Alternative Fuel in a High-Speed Diesel Engine

Abstract

Particulate matters especially particles with less than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) are the main cause of severe air pollution problem in Thailand that lead to the mortality risk in cardiovascular disease. Exhaust gas emissions specifically carbon monoxide and black smoke from diesel engines are the essential sources in generating significant amounts of PM2.5. Improving diesel properties by mixing oxygenated additives is one of the alternatives in reducing this pollutant. The main objective of this research is to investigate the performance and emission of a high-speed diesel engine at 3,000 rpm and different loads operated with diesel mixed with 5 to 20% ethanol and 5% ethyl acetate. The results of engine test at 80% load using diesel mixed with 5% of ethanol and ethyl acetate showed a few decreases in fuel properties and engine performance compared with diesel. The release of black smoke was also decreased to 14%. Increasing the mixture of ethanol to more than 5% has led to the decrease in engine performance continuously. The diesel mixed with ethanol at 20% and ethyl acetate at 5% has reduced the carbon monoxide and black smoke to 0.012%vol and 31.53% respectively and accrued the carbon dioxide at 1.25%vol. This is because the diesel mixed with ethanol and ethyl acetate increased the oxygen level to perform complete combustion as compared with diesel. However, the temperature of these exhaust gases was raised to 55oC

Performance and Emission Characteristics of a High-Speed Diesel Engine Using a 20% Palm Oil Ester and Ethyl Alcohol Blend

“…However, the dieselalcohol proportions were limited to the 5-10% range due to a slight decrease in density, viscosity, and CV. They did not affect the diesel-engine operation [3,19,21]. However, diesel mixed with alcohols by more than 10% was greatly lower for these properties than diesel standards and faster stratification [22][23].…”

“…Ethyl acetate (also known as ethyl ethanoate) is primarily used as a solvent and diluent. It is lower in price and toxicity than butanol and methanol, as its manufacturing process is the esterification of ethanol [3,19,21,[33][34]. The use of diesel blended with FAEs up to 10% combined with the sum of ethyl acetate and ethanol at 10% can improve fuel viscosity and reduce CO and UHC emissions.…”

“…Eminently, POEE was synthesized from refined palm olein transesterified with anhydrous ethanol under sodium hydroxide (NaOH), as studied by Chinwanitcharoen et al [5] and Sutheerasak and Chinwanitcharoen [23]. The yield of POEE was between 98.80 and 99.13%, as measured by a gas chromatography tester and in the official specifications of Thailand [2][3]5]. In cases of mixing various fuels, they were referred according to literature [2,3,19,21,23,26,34].…”

“…The yield of POEE was between 98.80 and 99.13%, as measured by a gas chromatography tester and in the official specifications of Thailand [2][3]5]. In cases of mixing various fuels, they were referred according to literature [2,3,19,21,23,26,34]. POEE at 10% v/v was mingled with regular diesel (POME10) at 90% v/v to make the POE20.…”

“…Nitrogen oxides (NOx), which consist mostly of nitric oxide (NO), are also a serious environmental concern because of their burden in smog formation [2]. Therefore, the various uses of oxygenated additives, especially fatty acid esters (FAEs) and alcohols, are getting attention due to renewable bio-based resources and high oxygen molecules providing the potential to reduce these emissions [3].…”