Use of diesel and emulsified diesel in CI engine: A comparative analysis of engine characteristics

Abstract

Despite a number of efforts to evaluate the utility of water-diesel emulsions (WED) in CI engine to improve its performance and reduce its emissions in search of alternative fuels to combat the higher prices and depleting resources of fossil fuels, no consistent results are available. Additionally, the noise emissions in the case of WED are not thoroughly discussed which motivated this research to analyze the performance and emission characteristics of WED. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were calculated at 1600 rpm within 15%–75% of the load range. Similarly, the contents of NOx, CO, and HC, and level of noise and smoke were measured varying the percentage of water from 2% to 10% gradually for all values of loads. BTE in the case of water emulsified diesel was decreased gradually as the percentage of water increased accompanied by a gradual increase in BSFC. Thus, WED10 showed a maximum 13.08% lower value of BTE while BSFC was increased by 32.28%. However, NOx emissions (21.8%) and smoke (48%) were also reduced significantly in the case of WED10 along with an increase in the emissions of HC and CO and noise. The comparative analysis showed that the emulsified diesel can significantly reduce the emission of NOx and smoke, but it has a negative impact on the performance characteristics and HC, CO, and noise emissions which can be mitigated by trying more fuels variations such as biodiesel and using different water injection methods to decrease dependency on fossil fuels and improve the environmental impacts of CI engines.

Investigating the Combined Impact of Water–Diesel Emulsion and Al2O3 Nanoparticles on the Performance and the Emissions from a Diesel Engine via the Design of Experiment

“…There is a decrease in BTE with increasing water ratio in emulsion fuel, as seen in Figure 14a. Since the water has no calorific value, the mixture has a lower heating value, which is the main cause of the BTE value decreasing as the concentration of water in the diesel increases [33]. The influence of nanoparticles in E2.5 fuel is well presented in Figure 14b as compensating for the lower heating value.…”

“…Based on previous studies, using a water-diesel emulsion effectively reduced NOx emission [1,3,6,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. In contrast, many studies showed a decrease in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and an increase in brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) with an increasing water ratio in the emulsion fuel due to a lower heating value [32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. To combat this issue, Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles are chosen as the combustion enhancer and mixed with the water-diesel emulsion fuel.…”

Boiling combustion behaviors and heat feedback of pool fire of diesel fuel–water emulsification

“…It was found that the increasing rate of ratio of water content of oil was increased by wave energy. Hassan et al 5 made a comprehensive comparison on the application of diesel and emulsified diesel fuel in compression ignition engine. Gowrishankar and Krishnasamy 6 developed some new surfactants to improve the stability of biodiesel–water emulsions of a light‐duty diesel engine; then the performance of fuel droplet combustion was improved and exhaust emissions was reduced.…”

Thermal Analysis and Energy Efficiency Improvements in Tunnel Kiln for Sustainable Environment

“…Energy cost analysis and techno-economic analysis of the gas consumption of furnaces were expressed [6]. The emission gas analysis of NOx and Sox were explained [7]. The cost comparison of alternative fuels and conventional fuels were well defined [8].…”