Use of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) for the characterization of porosity in marble

Mauko, Alenka; Muck, Tadeja; Mirtič, Breda; Mladenovič, Ana; Kreft, Marko

doi:10.1016/j.matchar.2009.01.008

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, the imaging depth of LSCM is extremely small for nontransparent materials because light scattering limits laser penetration and degrades the obtained fluorescence signal. An imaging depth of ∼7 μm for concrete at 0.3 μm Z resolution (Head & Buenfeld, ) and ∼90–100 μm for sandstone (Petford et al ., ) and marble (Mauko et al ., ) at 2 μm Z resolution has been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

3D imaging of cement‐based materials at submicron resolution by combining laser scanning confocal microscopy with serial sectioning

Yio

Mac

Wong

et al. 2015

Journal of Microscopy

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SummaryIn this paper, we present a new method to reconstruct large volumes of nontransparent porous materials at submicron resolution. The proposed method combines fluorescence laser scanning confocal microscopy with serial sectioning to produce a series of overlapping confocal z-stacks, which are then aligned and stitched based on phase correlation. The method can be extended in the XY plane to further increase the overall image volume. Resolution of the reconstructed image volume does not degrade with increase in sample size. We have used the method to image cementitious materials, hardened cement paste and concrete and the results obtained show that the method is reliable. Possible applications of the method such as three-dimensional characterization of the pores and microcracks in hardened concrete, three-dimensional particle shape characterization of cementitious materials and threedimensional characterization of other porous materials such as rocks and bioceramics are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

3D imaging of cement‐based materials at submicron resolution by combining laser scanning confocal microscopy with serial sectioning

Yio

Mac

Wong

et al. 2015

Journal of Microscopy

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“…CLSM offers several advantages over light optical microscopy by providing three-dimensional images from thick rat skin [44]. It is used to examine the fluorescence signal of the optimized batch at different skin depths.…”

Section: Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (Clsm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality by Design Approach for Development and Optimization of Nitrendipine Loaded Niosomal Gel for Accentuated Transdermal Delivery

Sharma

Harikumar

2020

Int J App Pharm

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Objective: The purpose of the present investigation was to develop and optimize nitrendipine loaded niosomal gel for transdermal delivery using quality by design approach. Methods: Niosomal formulations were developed by application of the thin-film hydration method using different ratios of span 60, cholesterol, temperature, and optimized by three factors-three levels Box-Behnken statistical design. The independent variables were non-ionic surfactant, cholesterol, and temperature, while vesicle size, polydispersity index, and entrapment efficiency were dependent variables. The nitrendipine loaded optimized formulation was incorporated into gel and evaluated for in vitro release, ex-vivo skin permeation, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and histopathological studies. Results: The optimized formulation showed the vesicular size of 226.1±4.36 nm, polydispersity index of 0.282±0.012, and entrapment efficiency of 95.34±3.18% with spherical morphology. The optimized niosomal gel formulation showed transdermal flux 127.60 µg/cm2h through albino Wistar rat skin. Niosomal gel was proved significantly superior by confocal laser scanning microscopy for satisfactory permeation and distribution of gel, deep into the rat skin. Furthermore, dermal safety was confirmed by histopathological studies for transdermal application. Conclusion: It was concluded that the developed niosomal gel overcomes the limitation of low penetration through rat skin and could be a potential nano vesicular system for transdermal delivery.

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“…The concept of confocal microscopy was patented by Minsky (US Patent No. 3013467 A, 1957) at Harvard University in 1957, but advances in optical hardware and software technology allowed the first confocal microscope to be built at the end of 1980s (Mauko et al, 2009). A detailed description of CLSM techniques can be found in Boyde (1990), Webb (1996), Shah et al (2013).…”

Section: Technical and Practical Considerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐dimensional imaging of porous media using confocal laser scanning microscopy

Shah

Crawshaw

Boek

2016

Journal of Microscopy

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In the last decade, imaging techniques capable of reconstructing three dimensional pore-scale model have played a pivotal role in the study of fluid flow through complex porous media. In this study, we present advances in the application of Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) to image, reconstruct and characterize complex porous geological materials with hydrocarbon reservoir and CO 2 storage potential. CLSM has a unique capability of producing three dimensional (3-D) thin optical sections of a material, with a wide field of view and submicron resolution in the lateral and axial planes. However, CLSM is limited in the depth (zdimension) that can be imaged in porous materials. In this study, we introduce a 'grind and slice' technique to overcome this limitation. We discuss the practical and technical aspects of the confocal imaging technique with application to complex rock samples including Mt.Gambier and Ketton carbonates. We then describe the complete work-flow of image processing to filtering and segmenting the raw 3-D confocal volumetric data into pores and grains. Finally, we use the resulting 3-D pore-scale binarized confocal data obtained to quantitatively determine petrophysical pore-scale properties such as total porosity, macroand micro-porosity and single-phase permeability using lattice Boltzmann (LB) simulations, validated by experiments.1 saurabh.shah10@imperial.ac.uk

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Use of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) for the characterization of porosity in marble

Cited by 27 publications

References 9 publications

3D imaging of cement‐based materials at submicron resolution by combining laser scanning confocal microscopy with serial sectioning

3D imaging of cement‐based materials at submicron resolution by combining laser scanning confocal microscopy with serial sectioning

Quality by Design Approach for Development and Optimization of Nitrendipine Loaded Niosomal Gel for Accentuated Transdermal Delivery

Three‐dimensional imaging of porous media using confocal laser scanning microscopy

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