Use of confocal fluorescence microscopy to compare different methods of modifying metal–organic framework (MOF) crystals with dyes

Ma, Mingyan; Groß, Annika; Zacher, Denise; Pinto, Antônio V.; Noei, Heshmat; Wang, Yuemin; Fischer, Roland A.; Metzler‐Nolte, Nils

doi:10.1039/c0ce00416b

Cited by 52 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…However, to further enrich or expand the functionalization of MOFs, in an approach similar to zeolites [24][25][26] , new synergistic properties have been achieved by incorporating functional species into MOFs to form composite materials that cannot be obtained from the parent MOF counterparts 27 . The incorporation of functional components into MOFs is typically accomplished by one of three methods: the incorporation of inorganic nodes through ion exchange or in situ doping 28,29 ; organic ligand modification 30,31 or the encapsulation of functional components 27 . Currently, the encapsulation process is widely used to incorporate heteroparticles with new functions into MOFs because the former two methods are limited to covalent bonding and coordination chemistry.…”

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confidence: 99%

General incorporation of diverse components inside metal-organic framework thin films at room temperature

et al. 2014

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Porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) demonstrate great potential for numerous applications. Although hetero-functional components have been encapsulated within MOF crystalline particles, the uniform incorporation of functional species with different sizes, shapes and functions in MOF thin films with dual properties, especially at room temperature and without the degradation of the MOF framework, remains a significant challenge towards further enriching their functions for various purposes. Here we report a general method that can rapidly encapsulate diverse functional components, including small ions, micrometresized particles, inorganic nanoparticles and bioactive proteins, in MOF thin films at room temperature via a metal-hydroxide-nanostrand-assisted confinement technique. These functional component-encapsulated MOF composite thin films exhibit synergistic and size-selective catalytic, bio-electrochemical, conductive and flexible functionalities that are desirable for thin film devices, including catalytic membrane reactors, biosensors and flexible electronic devices.

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confidence: 99%

General incorporation of diverse components inside metal-organic framework thin films at room temperature

et al. 2014

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“…5b). Interestingly, we observed the blue shifted peak at 505 nm5758 (green line) for FITC tagged UIO-66-NH 2 MOF in comparison to expected parent FITC peak at 540 nm (black line). It is also confirmed that UIO-66-NH 2 MOF has its own fluorescence peak (red line) but at significantly lower wavelength, 430 nm59 compared to 505 nm peak of FITC analog.…”

Section: Characterization Of Functionalized Nanomofsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Continuous, One-pot Synthesis and Post-Synthetic Modification of NanoMOFs Using Droplet Nanoreactors

Jambovane

Nune

Kelly

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs); also known as porous coordination polymers (PCP) are a class of porous crystalline materials constructed by connecting metal clusters via organic linkers. The possibility of functionalization leads to virtually infinite MOF designs using generic modular methods. Functionalized MOFs can exhibit interesting physical and chemical properties including accelerated adsorption kinetics and catalysis. Although there are discrete methods to synthesize well-defined nanoscale MOFs, rapid and flexible methods are not available for continuous, one-pot synthesis and post-synthetic modification (functionalization) of MOFs. Here, we show a continuous, scalable nanodroplet-based microfluidic route that not only facilitates the synthesis of MOFs at a nanoscale, but also offers flexibility for direct functionalization with desired functional groups (e.g., -COCH3, fluorescein isothiocyanate; FITC). In addition, the presented route of continuous manufacturing of functionalized nanosized MOFs takes significantly less time compared to state-of-the-art batch methods currently available (1 hr vs. several days). We envisage our approach to be a breakthrough method for synthesizing complex functionalized nanomaterials (metal, metal oxides, quantum dots and MOFs) that are not accessible by direct batch processing and expand the range of a new class of functionalized MOF-based functional nanomaterials.

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“…The selective absorption of dyes into MOF pores of different sizes has been postulated as a means of separation [10]. In some cases, absorption into the MOFs is limited, but dyes can still be included into MOFs by co-precipitation [11,12]. For example, fluorescein only diffuses into the outer layer of [Zn 4 O(bdc) 3 ] (MOF-5, bdc = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate), but when introduced into the reaction mixture it is incorporated throughout the crystals [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox Reactivity of Methylene Blue Bound in Pores of UMCM-1 Metal-Organic Frameworks

Halls

Cummings

Ellis

et al. 2012

Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals

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Redox processes were studied in the pores of a crystalline UMCM-1 metal organic framework (MOF) material. Methylene blue was employed as an absorbed redox active dye component. From the change in coloration during dye adsorption, it was concluded that an essentially irreversible adsorption process with high pore loading of the resulting MOF structure occurred. The adsorbed methylene blue remained redox active in the MOF pores and there was no evidence of significant losses during extended redox cycling. Due to the size of the pores, the reactivity of the pore-bound methylene blue is closely related to that expected for methylene blue in an aqueous solution. A study of the effect of solution pH on the voltammetric responses revealed an interesting gradual change in electrical pore conductivity form conducting poorly under acidic conditions to conducting very well under alkaline conditions. This is interpreted in terms of charge transport via single-electron hopping conduction in pores. An estimate of the apparent charge diffusion coefficient at pH 7, D app = 1.4 × 10 −15 m 2 s −2 , is obtained. Potential applications of the new family of redox active hybrid MOF materials are indicated.

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Use of confocal fluorescence microscopy to compare different methods of modifying metal–organic framework (MOF) crystals with dyes

Cited by 52 publications

References 38 publications

General incorporation of diverse components inside metal-organic framework thin films at room temperature

General incorporation of diverse components inside metal-organic framework thin films at room temperature

Continuous, One-pot Synthesis and Post-Synthetic Modification of NanoMOFs Using Droplet Nanoreactors

Redox Reactivity of Methylene Blue Bound in Pores of UMCM-1 Metal-Organic Frameworks

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