Use of Conductive Materials to Enhance Lead‐Acid Battery Formation

Bullock, Kathryn R.; Mahato, B. K.; Wruck, W. J.

doi:10.1149/1.2085456

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…During discharge, interparticle contact may become lost through dissolution of the "neck" between particles, or through dissolution of a small particle connecting two larger ones, resulting in decreased discharge efficiency. Since reduction of PbO2 involves (at least at one stage) dissolution of the conducting PbO2 and precipitation of nonconducting PbSO4 (18), it may be expected that the addition of graphite powder to the positive active mass would result in better active material efficiency (19)(20)(21)(22).…”

Section: Discharge Capacity Of E~-and 13-pb02mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Crystal Structure and Interparticle Contact on the Capacity of PbO2 Electrodes

Rüetschi¹

1992

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Chemically prepared specimens of a-and ~-PbO2 were discharged in lm H2SO4 under defined conditions of mechanical compression. Various quantities of graphite were added to the PbO2 specimens in order to study the influence of electric contact between particles. Electrodes of a-PbO~ (having a high degree of structural disorder) presented a higher discharge efficiency than those of well crystallized ~-PbO2. The capacity increased in the presence of graphite and with increasing Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) area. Graphite was found to suppress the diffusion potential in the PbSO, layer and to permit extended discharge at a second voltage plateau, due to the reaction 2e-+ PbO2(c) + 2H+(aq)--* PbO(c) + H20(aq).

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Section: Discharge Capacity Of E~-and 13-pb02mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Crystal Structure and Interparticle Contact on the Capacity of PbO2 Electrodes

Rüetschi¹

1992

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…The amount of H 2 SO 4 and water used significantly affects the initial capacity of the battery and its life. Additives in the paste can be used to increase the PAM utilization and power output [25,26]. The curing and formation play an important role in the cycle life of the lead-acid battery [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ electrochemical scan to study the behavior of the asymmetric (single-side) pasted positive plate as used in automotive lead-acid batteries

Guo

2005

J Appl Electrochem

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In situ electrochemical scan to study the behavior of the asymmetric (single-side) pasted positive plate as used in automotive lead-acid batteries Abstract The performance of a asymmetric (single-side) pasted positive plate was studied by measuring the current density and potential distributions on both sides of the plate. It was found that the current densities on both sides are almost the same during the early discharge at the 3 C discharge rate. As the discharge proceeds, the current decreases gradually on the non-pasted side and increases on the pasted side. Since more active mass exists on the pasted side, the matrix resistance is higher, causing the polarization to increase by 55-90 mV at the 3 C discharge rate. On the non-pasted side, the active mass undergoes a deeper depth of discharge (DOD). This leads to the shedding of active mass, which shortens the battery life. Since the positive grid on the non-pasted side is exposed, its corrosion rate is faster.

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“…15,16 The conductive additives such as Pb 3 O 4 , BaPbO 3 , and Ti 4 O 7 in the positive paste are also widely investigated. [17][18][19] The formation of the positive tubular plate is, in some way, different from that of the flat plate. During the dipping of the positive plate in H 2 SO 4 solution before the curing and its soaking in the electrolyte before the formation, the basic lead sulfates and lead monoxide are converted into lead sulfate.…”

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confidence: 99%

Investigation of Tubular Positive Plate Formation in Lead-Acid Batteries by In Situ Electrochemical Scan

Guo

Garche

2005

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The tubular positive plate formation in lead-acid batteries has been studied by an in situ electrochemical scan technique to measure the current and potential distributions. The distributions of the current density, potential, and polarization resistance were uneven in the earlier stage of the formation. This is attributed to the conductivity of the positive paste. The formation of the tubular positive plate can be divided into three stages according to the polarization. The first stage is before inputting ϳ50% the charge amount, in which the conductivity of the paste is dominant. After that, the positive polarization depends on both the conductivity and the electrochemical reactions in the formation process between about 50 and 80% charge amount. Finally, the electrochemical reactions become dominant. The charge amount of different parts was also uneven in the entire formation, which was determined by the distribution of the current density in the initial stage of high current charge.

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Use of Conductive Materials to Enhance Lead‐Acid Battery Formation

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Influence of Crystal Structure and Interparticle Contact on the Capacity of PbO2 Electrodes

Influence of Crystal Structure and Interparticle Contact on the Capacity of PbO2 Electrodes

In situ electrochemical scan to study the behavior of the asymmetric (single-side) pasted positive plate as used in automotive lead-acid batteries

Investigation of Tubular Positive Plate Formation in Lead-Acid Batteries by In Situ Electrochemical Scan

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