Use of Concentrator Wastes of Etibor Kirka Borax Company in Soft Porcelain Opaque Glazes as an Alternative Fluxing Agent

Abstract

Both manufacturers and customers in ceramic sector like all industrial branches always demand high quality products with less cost. With the increase in consumption levels of final products the considerable decreases in deposits of readily used raw materials take place all around the world. Therefore, economical and conscious usage of these deposits is crucial. Consequently, numerous numbers of searches for finding alternative raw materials and recycling wastes as a possible replacement have been conducted. In the present study concentrator wastes of Etibor Kirka Borax Company of Turkey with the chemical composition of 27.69 SiO 2 , 4.58 Al 2 O 3 , 7.52 Na 2 O, 2.77 K 2 O, 8.95 CaO, 12.45 MgO,14.28 B 2 O 3 , 0.04 ZnO, 0.07 TiO 2 , 0.96 Fe 2 O 3 , 0.04 Li 2 O, 0.02 PbO, 20.63 loss on ignition (in wt %) were incorporated into a soft porcelain opaque glaze recipe as a replacement of K-feldspar. Such a modification in starting glaze batches led to the improvement in opacity without deteriorating maturation and final properties. Therefore, it was concluded that these wastes could easily be added into the relevant glaze system.

Atik Ki̇l Pesti̇li̇ Ve Atik Pet Şi̇şe Kiriklarinin Kompozi̇t Malzeme Üreti̇mi̇nde Değerlendi̇ri̇lmesi̇

“…Yan kayacının çoğunlukla kil mineralleri içermesinden dolayı, bor atıklarının, esas ham maddesi kil olan inşaat ve seramik sektörlerinde kullanılabilirliğine yönelik çalışmalar yaygındır [6]. Bor atıkları seramik sanayinde (sır, çini hamuru, döküm çamuru yapımı, yer ve duvar karosu üretiminde), yapı sektöründe (çimento, hazır beton, hafif yapı elemanı, dolgu malzemesi, tuğla ve kiremit üretiminde), ayrıca cam, emaye ve silika refrakterler için hammadde veya katkı maddesi olarak kullanılabilmektedir [7][8][9][10][11][12]. Atık killerin tuğla sanayinde değerlendirmesi ile tuğla üretiminde ek hammadde kaynağı sağlanmaktadır [13,14].…”

Using of Boron Wastes in Red Brick Production

“…Besides, 125,000 tons of borax slime including up to 20% of B 2 O 3 is discarded to the pond waste. Unless these high grade wastes are utilized, they not only cause economic losses but are also problematic for environmental aspect [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Borax is a strong alkaline flux, which has high solubility used for glazes on earthenware, nart, and other types of ceramic bodies.…”