Use of Collagen in Cosmetic Products

Abstract

Collagen (CLG) belongs to the family of fibrillar proteins and is composed of left-handed α polypeptide chains, which, twisting around themselves and their axis, form a right-handed superhelix. In the chemical structure, it contains mainly proline, hydroxyproline, glycine, and hydroxylysine. It occurs naturally in the dermis in the form of fibers that provide the skin with proper density and elasticity. The review aimed to present the types of collagen protein, factors affecting its structure and its unusual role in the functioning of the human body. Also, an overview of cosmetic products containing collagen or its derivatives, the characteristics of the formulas of these products, and the effects of their use were presented. Throughout the market, there are many cosmetic and cosmeceutical products containing CLG. They are in the form of fillers administered as injections, belonging to the group of the oldest tissue fillers; products administered orally and for topical use, such as creams, gels, serums, or cosmetic masks. Analyzed studies have shown that the use of products with collagen or its peptides improves the general condition of the skin and delays the aging process by reducing the depth of wrinkles, improving hydration (in the case of oral preparations), reducing transepithelial water loss (TEWL), as well as improving skin density and elasticity. In addition, oral application of bioactive CLG peptides has shown a positive effect on the nails, reducing the frequency of their breakage.

Precision Fermentation as an Alternative to Animal Protein, a Review

“…Its mechanical strength, biodegradability, and ability to form fibrils make it ideal for biomedical applications, including tissue engineering scaffolds and drug delivery systems [151,152]. In addition, in cosmetic formulations, collagen or derivative proteins have been employed as a natural ingredient, moisturizer and anti-aging agent [153,154].…”

“…Currently, collagens come mostly from animal sources, such as bovine hides and porcine and fish tissues. Increasing concerns about their biocompatibility, the potential to cause immunogenic reactions or transmit pathogenic vectors, and lack of product homogeneity have driven the development of new methods for collagen manufacture from non-animal sources [148][149][150][151][152][153][154][155]. Thus, the expression of recombinant collagens using different prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems is an alternative strategy to address these aforementioned issues, and there have been many publications regarding the production of recombinant collagen [156].…”

Precision Fermentation as an Alternative to Animal Protein, a Review

“…Its mechanical strength, biodegradability, and ability to form fibrils make it ideal for biomedical applications, including tissue engineering scaffolds and drug delivery systems [184,185]. In addition, in cosmetic formulations, collagen or derivative proteins have been employed as a natural ingredient, moisturizer, and anti-aging agent [186,187].…”

“…Currently, collagens come mostly from animal sources, such as bovine hides and porcine and fish tissues. Increasing concerns about their biocompatibility, the potential to cause immunogenic reactions or transmit pathogenic vectors, and lack of product homogeneity, have driven the development of new methods for collagen manufacture from non-animal sources [181][182][183][184][185][186][187][188]. Thus, the expression of recombinant collagens using different prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems is an alternative strategy to address these aforementioned issues, and there have been many publications regarding the production of recombinant collagen [189].…”

Green Extraction of Depsidones and Depsides from Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents

“…In addition to their ability to form stable NADES, these compounds also possess biologically active properties useful in dermatology. Their many beneficial effects on hair and skin include increasing water retention in cells and collagen building (proline) [16,17]. On this basis, the possibility of extracting lichens with non-toxic solvents for direct use in pharmaceuticals or cosmetics is valuable.…”