Use of collagen hydrolysate as a complex nitrogen source for the synthesis of penicillin by Penicillium chrysogenum

Leonhartsberger, Simon; Lafferty, R. M.; Korneti, L.

doi:10.1016/0168-1656(93)90146-e

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The trapping sites exhibit optimal climatic conditions and the presence of sand flies was proven in previous studies [ 4 , 5 ]. While in Rohrau the only available large building was chosen for sampling, two buildings at each trapping site were sampled in Ratzenau, Unterpurkla and Hummersdorf (Table 1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ecology, seasonality and host preferences of Austrian Phlebotomus (Transphlebotomus) mascittii Grassi, 1908, populations

et al. 2021

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Background Sand flies are principal vectors of the protozoan parasites Leishmania spp. and are widely distributed in all warmer regions of the world, including the Mediterranean parts of Europe. In Central European countries, the sand fly fauna is still under investigation. Phlebotomus mascittii, a suspected but unproven vector of Leishmania infantum, is regarded as the most widely distributed species in Europe. However, many aspects of its biology and ecology remain poorly known. The aim of this study was to provide new data on the biology and ecology of Ph. mascittii in Austria to better understand its current distribution and potential dispersal. Methods Sand flies were collected by CDC light traps at four localities in Austria for 11 (2018) and 15 weeks (2019) during the active sand fly season. Climatic parameters (temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure and wind speed) were retrospectively obtained for the trapping periods. Sand flies were identified by a combined approach (morphology, DNA barcoding, MALDI-TOF protein profiling), and blood meals of engorged females were analysed by DNA sequencing and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Results In total, 450 individuals of Ph. mascittii were caught. Activity was observed to start at the beginning of June and end at the end of August with peaks in mid-July at three locations and early August at one location. Increased activity was associated with relatively high temperatures and humidity. Also, more individuals were caught on nights with low barometric pressure. Analysis of five identified blood meals revealed chicken (Gallus gallus) and equine (Equus spp.) hosts. Sand fly abundance was generally associated with availability of hosts. Conclusion This study reports unexpectedly high numbers of Ph. mascittii at selected Austrian localities and provides the first detailed analysis of its ecology to date. Temperature and humidity were shown to be good predictors for sand fly activity. Blood meal analyses support the assumption that Ph. mascittii feeds on mammals as well as birds. The study significantly contributes to understanding the ecology of this sand fly species in Central Europe and facilitates prospective entomological surveys.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ecology, seasonality and host preferences of Austrian Phlebotomus (Transphlebotomus) mascittii Grassi, 1908, populations

et al. 2021

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“…It deforms and deteriorates with the slightest change in temperature and humidity. Physical changes may be followed by chemical degradation; in high humidity the collagen fibres lose their initial high thermal and mechanical stability and convert to gelatin, which can easily be degraded by many fungal taxa, including Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus spp., Mucor plumbeus, Penicillium chrysogenum, Phoma herbarum and Trichoderma longibrachiatum detected by us and others [29,30]. Aspergillus versicolor and Penicillium chrysogenum are among the most efficient, degrading 25-30% of gelatin in 2-3 weeks after colonization [16,30].…”

Section: This May Explain Its Advanced Deterioration and High Microbial Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 67%

Effect of Fungi on the Destruction of Historical Parchment and Paper Documents

Kwaśna¹,

Karbowska-Berent²,

Behnke‐Borowczyk³

2020

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Microorganisms (bacteria, archaea and fungi), together with lichens and insects, due to their biodeteriorative potential, damage items of cultural heritage. Fungi play an important role in archives and libraries where stored objects are made of paper or parchment. The main component of paper is cellulose, and of parchment it is inner collagen type I, with its typical fibre arrangement and external gelatin layers. Paper and parchment can be sources of energy, carbon and nitrogen for numerous microorganisms.Bacteria are the main contaminants of parchment due to their preferences for higher pH [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Filamentous fungi also play an important role in biodeterioration due to their preferences for lower temperature and higher humidity, often present in archives. Typical fungal deterioration is caused by the slowgrowing, often mitosporic, cellulolitic or proteolytic

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Three-Stage Extraction of Gelatines from Tendons of Abattoir Cattle: 1—Reaction Conditions

Mokrejš

Janáčová

Svoboda

2012

Appl Biochem Biotechnol

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Short and long tendons of abattoir cattle are collagen by-products of the meat industry. They offer no utilisation at present, being a raw material source of over 90 % protein characteristic. This contribution deals with the three-stage extraction of gelatine from short cattle tendons. The principle of treatment consists in processing degreased tendons in the first processing stage in an environment resulting in the swelling of the starting material. In the second stage, the material is treated with a proteolytic enzyme to produce such disruption of the collagen substrate that makes gelatine extraction when boiling possible in the third stage of the process. In order to study the influence of the significant parameters during the extraction process on gelatine yield, experiments were planned using a factor experiment of 2(3) types. The variables under study were the duration of the second processing stage (5-25 h), temperature in the first and second processing stages (10-40 °C) and the addition of a proteolytic enzyme (1-5 %) on the quantity of the extracted gelatine. The results were processed statistically, and statistical significance of the studied factors was thus found. Contour graphs were plotted to easily survey the influence of the observed factors on gelatine yield. The process achieves up to 71 % efficiency, runs under atmospheric pressure and mild reaction conditions, and is conducive to preparing quality gelatines.

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Use of collagen hydrolysate as a complex nitrogen source for the synthesis of penicillin by Penicillium chrysogenum

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Ecology, seasonality and host preferences of Austrian Phlebotomus (Transphlebotomus) mascittii Grassi, 1908, populations

Ecology, seasonality and host preferences of Austrian Phlebotomus (Transphlebotomus) mascittii Grassi, 1908, populations

Effect of Fungi on the Destruction of Historical Parchment and Paper Documents

Three-Stage Extraction of Gelatines from Tendons of Abattoir Cattle: 1—Reaction Conditions

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