Use of Cluster Analysis to Define Periods of Similar Meteorology and Precipitation Chemistry in Eastern North America. Part II: Precipitation Patterns and Pollutant Deposition

Fernau, M.E.; Samson, Perry J.

doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1990)029<0751:uocatd>2.0.co;2

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Another notable tendency in the circulation classifications is an increasing variety of their applications. In addition to numerous synoptic climatological studies aimed at studying characteristics of climate variables (especially precipitation and temperature) under circulation types and analyses of climate variability, there are many other applications, for which we list a few illustrative examples: air pollution, including surface ozone (please note that some of the referenced papers are more weather than circulation classifications 12,37,43,44,58,160,179 ); a comparison between radiosondes and atmospheric reanalysis 166 ; surface frosts 143 ; melting of Greenland ice sheet 142 ; snow avalanches 54 ; and wine quality 96 . More examples, such as forest fires, wind atlas, and fish captures, can be found in nonrefereed literature.…”

Section: Recent Tendencies In Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classifications of Atmospheric Circulation Patterns

Huth

Beck

Philipp

et al. 2008

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

550

508

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We review recent advances in classifications of circulation patterns as a specific research area within synoptic climatology. The review starts with a general description of goals of classification and the historical development in the field. We put circulation classifications into a broader context within climatology and systematize the varied methodologies and approaches. We characterize three basic groups of classifications: subjective (also called manual), mixed (hybrid), and objective (computer-assisted, automated). The roles of cluster analysis and principal component analysis in the classification process are clarified. Several recent methodological developments in circulation classifications are identified and briefly described: the introduction of nonlinear methods, objectivization of subjective catalogs, efforts to optimize classifications, the need for intercomparisons of classifications, and the progress toward an optimum, if possible unified, classification method. Among the recent tendencies in the applications of circulation classifications, we mention a more extensive use in climate studies, both of past, present, and future climates, innovative applications in the ensemble forecasting, increasing variety of synoptic-climatological investigations, and steps above from the troposphere. After introducing the international activity within the field of circulation classifications, the COST733 Action, we briefly describe outputs of the inventory of classifications in Europe, which was carried out within the Action. Approaches to the evaluation of classifications and their mutual comparisons are also reviewed. A considerable part of the review is devoted to three examples of applications of circulation classifications: in historical climatology, in analyses of recent climate variations, and in analyses of outputs from global climate models.

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Section: Recent Tendencies In Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classifications of Atmospheric Circulation Patterns

Huth

Beck

Philipp

et al. 2008

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

550

508

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“…The strength of the link between the circulation types and surface environment can be quantified by a variety of criteria and statistical approaches. They include testing for the equality of the mean values between individual types (Kostopoulou and Jones, 2007), correlations between seasonal frequencies of types and seasonal means of climate variables (Anagnostopoulou et al, 2008) and approaches quantifying and testing the (dis)similarity of statistical distributions conditioned by circulation types, such as the analysis of variance (Jiang et al, 2005), Brier skill score (Schiemann and Frei, 2010), Kruskal-Wallis test (Fernau and Samson, 1990), 2 -test (Makra et al, 2006), the Mann-Whitney test (Fernau and Samson, 1990), and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (Huth, 2010;Tveito, 2010). Several statistical criteria have been designed directly to quantify the separability between individual types; some of them are listed in Beck and Philipp (2010).…”

Section: General Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synoptic‐climatological evaluation of the classifications of atmospheric circulation patterns over Europe

Huth

Beck

Kučerová

2015

Intl Journal of Climatology

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This study evaluates the classifications of atmospheric circulation patterns collected in the COST733 database (COST733cat) in terms of their ability to stratify daily surface temperature and precipitation in 12 domains covering the whole of Europe. The classifications differ in the classification methods used, in the number of types, the variable(s) classified, the number of days in a sequence that are classified and in whether the classification is based on year-round or seasonal data. Several classification methods that perform fairly well are identified; they include a simple k-means clustering, a k-means clustering preceded by hierarchical cluster analysis, Litynski's method, and a classification based on circulation prototypes. On the other hand, there are a couple of classification methods that do not provide a good stratification of temperature and precipitation: orthogonally and obliquely rotated principal component analysis in a T-mode, Lund's correlation method, Kirchhofer's sums-of-squares method, and Erpicum's method. Some methods tend to perform better on large domains, while others tend to perform better on smaller domains; however, the sensitivity of most classification methods to the domain size appears to be small. Several methods exhibit a geographical dependence of their performance, e.g. the method based on circulation prototypes tends to perform better in the northern domains, while Jenkinson-Collison and Erpicum's methods perform better in the southern domains. Classifications of 4-day sequences are usually better in stratifying surface temperature than ordinary instantaneous classifications; the opposite is true for precipitation. Adding a mid-tropospheric variable (500 hPa heights or 1000/500 hPa thickness) to sea level pressure as a classified variable improves the skill of classifications in stratifying temperature.

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“…It has also been used to identify atmospheric circulation modes and pressure fields (Wolter, 1987;Cheng and Wallace, 1993), mesoscale climate zones (Degaetano, 1996), precipitation patterns and pollutant deposition (Fernau and Samson, 1990) to name a few examples. In this paper, hierarchical cluster analysis based on Ward's method and using Euclidean distance as a measure of similarity for each year was performed on monthly tornado-day values for each county in Missouri.…”

Section: Spatial and Seasonal Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of Tornado Days in Missouri for the Period 1950-2002

Daoust

2003

Physical Geography

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Tornado analysis using a "tornado-day" approach was made for the State of Missouri, and its climatic divisions, for the period 1950-2002. Although tornado days have not increased in Missouri, the NW Prairie climatic division recorded a statistically significant decline in tornado days during that time period. Seasonal patterns in tornado days were examined for each of the 115 counties in Missouri using cluster analysis. It revealed that the duration of the "tornado season" varies somewhat across Missouri, several southern counties being affected by a bimodal seasonal pattern in tornado days. The interannual tornado-day time series was examined for Missouri, spectral density estimates showing periodicities of 2.1, 2.8, 8.5, 11.6, and 12.8 yrs. Cross-amplitude analysis revealed that these tornado-day periodicities appear to be connected to fluctuations affecting the Pacific-North American patterns (PNA)-(8.5 yrs.), and quasi periodicities associated with the Southern Oscillation and the El Niño 3.4 indexes (11.6 to 12.8 yrs.). [

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Use of Cluster Analysis to Define Periods of Similar Meteorology and Precipitation Chemistry in Eastern North America. Part II: Precipitation Patterns and Pollutant Deposition

Cited by 24 publications

References 11 publications

Classifications of Atmospheric Circulation Patterns

Classifications of Atmospheric Circulation Patterns

Synoptic‐climatological evaluation of the classifications of atmospheric circulation patterns over Europe

An Analysis of Tornado Days in Missouri for the Period 1950-2002

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