Use of chemically modified proteins to study the effect of a single protein property on partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems: Effect of surface hydrophobicity

Extraction and Purification of Bioproducts and Nanoparticles using Aqueous Two‐Phase Systems Strategies

“…From these properties, hydrophobicity plays an important role during partitioning especially for systems with high molecular weight polymers or high salt content [25]. The use of aqueous twophase systems (ATPS) to measure the "functional" hydrophobicity of proteins has been previously reported by several authors using a wide range of polymers and salts [5,[26][27][28]. This functional hydrophobicity is a measure of the real surface hydrophobicity of the protein, and it is the result of the direct interaction between the exposed residues on the surface of the protein and the solvent molecules.…”

“…The marriage of these two powerful techniques has unlimited applications, from the extraction and concentration of important bioparticles such as nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals, to the recovery and re-circulation of microorganisms employed in a bioreactor system. Additionally, both techniques are being employed for bioparticle characterization, i.e., particles are being characterized in terms of their thermodynamic [27][28][29] and physicochemical properties employing ATPS, and in terms of their dielectric properties by employing DEP [38]. Integration of ATPS and DEP can provide a system for two-dimensional characterization of biological particles that should provide guidelines for the bioprocess design.…”

Liquid–liquid extraction of biomolecules: an overview and update of the main techniques

“…PPG/potassium phosphate; PEG/potassium phosphate; methoxypolyethylene glycol/potassium phosphate; PPG/glucose; PEG/glucose; PEG/magnesium sulphate; PEG/sodium citrate. 7,17,18 The most widely studied systems are PEG/dextran, PPG/dextran, sodium sulphate dextran/PPG, PEG/ magnesium sulphate and PEG/sodium citrate. Systems containing dextran usually present a bottom phase mainly composed of dextran, while the top phase is composed of the other polymer.…”

“…Some inorganic salts are more able to promote this effect (e.g., CaCl 2 , MgCl 2 , AlCl 3 ) when the ions form association complexes with the ether groups. 7 The effects of polymer molar mass, concentration, phase density and the presence of salts in aqueous two-phase polymeric systems have been studied by many authors: Albertsson 6,[18][19][20][26][27][28][29][30][31]41 The partitioning coefficient of proteins and biomolecules in conventional aqueous two-phase polymeric systems is not extreme. In order to enhance partitioning it is possible to add to the system affinity ligands.…”

Purification of microbial b-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces fragilis by bioaffinity partitioning

“…Utilization of these polymers can be considered an advantage in the development of new technologies because a lot of applications of enzymes and biologically active proteins in the food and pharmaceutical industries (11).…”