“…In 2005 Carreira and co-workers disclosed a Rh/dienecatalyzed enantioselective conjugate addition of arylboronic acids to enals, a traditionally challenging class of acceptor. [74] Although 1,2-addition of boronic acids to aldehydes has been studied extensively, [75] a general, reliable enantioselective conjugate addition protocol was lacking. This might be attributed to the fact that any effort could be thwarted by a 1,2-addition either in competition with (to give 132 instead of 130) or after the 1,4-addition (further reaction of 130 to give 131; Scheme 33).…”
Section: Rhodium/diene-catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition Of Arymentioning
Metal-catalyzed asymmetric processes offer one of the most straightforward ways to introduce stereogenic centers. Hence, the development of novel chiral ligands that can effectively induce asymmetry in reactions is crucial in modern organic synthesis. While many established chiral ligands bind to a metal through heteroatoms, structures that coordinate to metals through carbon atoms have received little attention so far. Here, we highlight the increasing number of such chiral chelating olefin ligands as well as their application in a variety of metal-catalyzed transformations.
“…In 2005 Carreira and co-workers disclosed a Rh/dienecatalyzed enantioselective conjugate addition of arylboronic acids to enals, a traditionally challenging class of acceptor. [74] Although 1,2-addition of boronic acids to aldehydes has been studied extensively, [75] a general, reliable enantioselective conjugate addition protocol was lacking. This might be attributed to the fact that any effort could be thwarted by a 1,2-addition either in competition with (to give 132 instead of 130) or after the 1,4-addition (further reaction of 130 to give 131; Scheme 33).…”
Section: Rhodium/diene-catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition Of Arymentioning
Metal-catalyzed asymmetric processes offer one of the most straightforward ways to introduce stereogenic centers. Hence, the development of novel chiral ligands that can effectively induce asymmetry in reactions is crucial in modern organic synthesis. While many established chiral ligands bind to a metal through heteroatoms, structures that coordinate to metals through carbon atoms have received little attention so far. Here, we highlight the increasing number of such chiral chelating olefin ligands as well as their application in a variety of metal-catalyzed transformations.
“…Insertion of the C-O double bond into a late transition metal-carbon bond is rare compared to that of C-C double bonds, but it was well established by Hartwig in a stoichiometric insertion of aldehydes into arylrhodium(I) complexes. 65 Palladium(II) complexes of tris(1-naphth- yl)phosphine (63, entry 1 of the table in Scheme 13), 37 JohnPhos (64, entry 2), 42 tol-binap (entry 3), 35 N-heterocyclic carbene 65 (NHC, entry 3), 40,41 and phosphiniteand phosphite-based palladacycles 26 and 27 (entries 5-7), 28,29,32 as well as a cationic bipyridyl complex 66 (entry 8) 38 catalyze arylation of aldehydes in the presence of a base (Scheme 13). It is remarkable that palladacycle 27a catalyzes the addition at room temperature for both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes.…”
Section: Addition To Aldehydesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…12 Although these precedents suffered from competitive Heck coupling and low catalyst efficiency, we found that dicationic [Pd(dppe)(PhCN) 2 ]X 2 (X = BF 4 , SbF 6 ) is a selective catalyst for 1,4-additions of ArB(OH) 2 , [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] ArBF 3 K, 21 ArSi(OR) 3 , 22 ArSiF 3 , and Ar 4 Bi 23 to unsaturated carbonyl compounds in an aqueous medium. This review focuses on such 1,4-additions of arylboronic acid [ArB(OH) 2 ] to electron-deficient alkenes and their enantioselective versions, and related chemistry reported in Grignard-type additions of arylboronic acid to aldehydes, 28,29,32,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] imines, 29,44 and nitriles. 45,46 2…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…phosphine (63, entry 1 of the table in Scheme 13),37 JohnPhos (64, entry 2), 42 tol-binap (entry 3),35 N-heterocyclic carbene 65 (NHC, entry 3),40,41 and phosphiniteand phosphite-based palladacycles 26 and 27 (entries 5-7),28,29,32 as well as a cationic bipyridyl complex 66 (entry 8)38 catalyze arylation of aldehydes in the presence of a base (Scheme 13). It is remarkable that palladacycle 27a catalyzes the addition at room temperature for both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes.…”
P a l l a d i u m ( I I ) -C a t a l y z e d A d d i t i o n R e a c t i o n s Norio MiyauraAbstract: The enantioselective synthesis of cyclic and acyclic b-aryl ketones, esters, and amides by palladium(II)-catalyzed 1,4-addition of an arylboronic acid or a potassium aryltrifluoroborate to unsaturated carbonyl compounds is described. The protocol provides simple access to biologically and pharmaceutically active compounds such as optically active chromenes, (R)-tolterodine, (R)-CDP 840, and the endothelin receptor antagonist. The palladium(II) catalysts are also efficient for Grignard-type addition of arylboronic acids to carbon-heteroatom double bonds and triple bonds of aldehydes, ketones, aldimines, and nitriles. The catalytic cycle involves transmetalation between arylboronic acid and palladium(II) complexes as the key process, the mechanism of which is discussed on the basis of characterization of the transmetalation intermediates and electronic effects of the substituents. The enantioselection mechanism and the efficiency of a chiraphos ligand for structurally planar unsaturated ketones are discussed on the basis of the results of DFT computational studies on the modes of coordination of the substrates to the phenylpalladium(II)/(S,S)-chiraphos intermediate. This review focuses mainly on reactions of arylboronic acids; there are very few such reports for other organoboronic acids or esters, but pinacol allylboronate undergoes 1,4-addition to unsaturated N-acylpyrroles.
“…[4] Kondo and Aoyama reported the Pd(OAc) 2 /tol-binap complex as a chloroform-free catalyst. [5] Hu proposed anionic palladacycles for the 1,2-addition of arylboronic acids to aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes at room temperature. [6] More recently, Shirai and Kuriyama described efficient 1,2-addition reactions of aryl-, heteroaryl-, and alkenylboronic acids to aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic aldehydes catalyzed 5692 acids.…”
The palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction of arylboronic acids with ethyl glyoxylate provides a straightforward method for the synthesis of mandelic esters. Pd 2 (dba) 3 ·CHCl 3 in combination with 2-di-tert-butylphosphanylbiphenyl as the catalytic system and Cs 2 CO 3 as the base were used. The reaction tolerates a wide range of functionalized boronic
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.