Use of cement based grout with glass powder for deep mixing

Güllü, Hamza; Çanakçı, Hanifi; Zangana, Imad Fareeq Al

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.070

Cited by 81 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Sodium silicate (Na 2 SiO 3 ) was in a liquid gel form that had a chemical composition of 14.7% Na 2 O, 29.4% SiO 2 , and water for the remaining percentage. To add to aluminosilicate stabilizers for geopolymer production, the alkaline solution (combination of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na 2 SiO 3 )) was prepared in the ratio of (Na 2 SiO 3 /NaOH) = 2.5 (by weight) by blending Na 2 SiO 3 with NaOH, and then it was left 24 h before use [43,44].…”

Section: Experimental Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For performance comparisons of the control group of water-to-binder (w/b) ratios (0.85, 1.05, and 1.25) with the cement replacements (10%, 15%, and 20%) suited to previous studies [44,45] as well as adequacy of geopolymer injection, the ratios of alkaline activator/stabilizer of geopolymer for the specimens of soil-binder columns were similarly taken as 0.85, 1.05, 1.25, and 1.5 with the usable stabilizer proportions 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%, respectively (by dry weight of soil). The ratio and proportions were based on past suggestions [10,20,23] and laboratory trials.…”

Section: Experimental Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlier deep mixing efforts [10,44,45] were followed for sample preparation of soil-binder specimens. For the mixture of the control group (Portland cement based grout), Portland cement was initially mixed with water manually until a uniform grout mixture was achieved.…”

Section: Experimental Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The UCS values were measured either in terms of maximum axial stress or stress at 5% axial strain, dependent upon whichever occurred first. From stress–strain curves of UCS tests, the elastic modulus (Es) of soilcrete specimens (7, 28 and 365 curing days) was estimated regarding the tangent modulus conformed in earlier efforts [44]. Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) tests (7, 28, and 365 curing days) were performed for the soilcrete specimens just prior to UCS testing in accordance with specification [48].…”

Section: Experimental Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performances of Using Geopolymers Made with Various Stabilizers for Deep Mixing

2019

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This research aims to experimentally investigate the potential use of a geopolymer made from various stabilizers or byproducts (fly ash (FA-F, FA-C), slag (SL), glass powder (GP), metakaolin (MK), marble powder (MP), bottom ash (BA), rice husk ash (RHA), silica fume (SF)) to enhance the mechanical performance of soil (clay) via a deep mixing technique. Strengths of geopolymer soilcrete specimens were determined by unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests regarding curing times (7 to 365 days) by comparing with Portland cement (PC). In addition, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) tests, the effect of molarity (8–16 M), stress-strain behavior, failure modes, and microstructure (SEM, EDX) of geopolymer specimens were examined. Compared to PC, UCS responses of geopolymer specimens yielded: (i) a decreasing trend for FA-F, GP, MK, BA, and MP + FA-F, (ii) an increasing trend for FA-C, SL, and combinations of SL (BA + SL, RHA + SL, SF + SL, MK + SL) favorable with fewer proportions of stabilizers, and (iii) higher increments due to long-term curing (90, 365 days). Despite some decrements, most UCS values were found acceptable (>0.2 MPa) for sufficient enhancement of soft clay. The UCS results were mostly confirmed by UPV performances. The geopolymer specimens were also found to present: (i) strength development for alkaline concentrations from 10 to 14 M, (ii) brittle behavior of stress–strain curves that failed in axial splitting and near axial directions, and (iii) intensity of the silica peak for strength responsibility of the dense microstructure. The findings relatively support the usage of stabilizers or byproducts in the production of geopolymers for potential use in deep mixing. Thus, this research could be a basis for further efforts in this area.

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Section: Experimental Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performances of Using Geopolymers Made with Various Stabilizers for Deep Mixing

2019

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“…Deep Mixing Method (DMM) is almost the most effective method for soft soil improvement, which has become very popular in recent years (Shen et al., 2008; Chai and Carter, 2011; Oliveira et al., 2011; Jamsawang et al., 2015; Wonglert and Jongpradist, 2015; Pi. Jamsawang et al., 2016a, Jamsawang et al., 2016b; Sargent et al., 2016; Güllü et al., 2017; Jamsawanga et al., 2017; Kitazume and Terashi, 2017). Cutter Soil Mixing is also a relatively new and very efficient technique for soil improvement, which is a subset of the DMM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cutter Soil Mixing (CSM) method and curing pressures on the tensile strength of a treated soft clay

Rabbani

Lajevardi

Tolooiyan

et al. 2019

Heliyon

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This study presents a set of laboratory experiments to investigate the effect of Cutter Soil Mixing (CSM) method and curing pressures on the tensile strength of a soft clay treated with Air Cooled Blast Furnace Slag (ACBFS) and Industrial Hydrated Lime (IHL). High productivity, minimum vibration, using the in-situ soil as construction material, and high level of quality control are some of the main benefits of CSM method. Three different slurries containing various percentages of ACBFS and IHL were mixed with saturated soft clay due to CSM method to enhance its tensile strength and make it suitable for the construction of deep CSM panels. To simulate high pressure due to the self-weight of the deep CSM panels in the field, a number of high pressure curing devices were designed and built in the laboratory and used for 28 and 56 day pressurised curing of the treated samples. Then an indirect tensile strength test was performed on the treated samples to investigate the effect of mixing method, ACBFS-IHL content, curing pressure and curing time on the tensile strength of the treated material. Finally, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis were conducted to investigate the microstructural and properties of the treated clay. The outcomes demonstrate that using CSM method and curing pressures along with ACBFS-IHL as a chemical stabiliser, increases the tensile strength of treated soft clay up to 35 times, which is significantly higher than the use of chemical stabiliser alone. Moreover, the microstructural analysis results revealed that the main hydration products in the clay treated with ACBFS-IHL is gismondine (C–A–S–H) which is also considered to be responsible for the higher tensile development.

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