Use of Cell Culture to Prove Syncytial Connection and Fusion of Neurons

Os, Sotnikov

doi:10.5772/51214

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Cell-cell fusion has since been described in many other cellular systems [41–47]. A search of the literature reveals that neuron fusion has been reported to occur between neurons in the central nervous system [44], as well as between nerves and mesenchymal stem cells during development [48]. Neurons can fuse with themselves or neighboring neurons after injury, while stem cells can fuse with neurons in what is thought to be a method of cell reprogramming [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serial block-face scanning electron microscopy reveals neuronal-epithelial cell fusion in the mouse cornea

Courson

Smith

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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The cornea is the most highly innervated tissue in the body. It is generally accepted that corneal stromal nerves penetrate the epithelial basal lamina giving rise to intra-epithelial nerves. During the course of a study wherein we imaged corneal nerves in mice, we observed a novel neuronal-epithelial cell interaction whereby nerves approaching the epithelium in the cornea fused with basal epithelial cells, such that their plasma membranes were continuous and the neuronal axoplasm freely abutted the epithelial cytoplasm. In this study we sought to determine the frequency, distribution, and morphological profile of neuronal-epithelial cell fusion events within the cornea. Serial electron microscopy images were obtained from the anterior stroma in the paralimbus and central cornea of 8–10 week old C57BL/6J mice. We found evidence of a novel alternative behavior involving a neuronal-epithelial interaction whereby 42.8% of central corneal nerve bundles approaching the epithelium contain axons that fuse with basal epithelial cells. The average surface-to-volume ratio of a penetrating nerve was 3.32, while the average fusing nerve was smaller at 1.39 (p ≤ 0.0001). Despite this, both neuronal-epithelial cell interactions involve similarly sized discontinuities in the basal lamina. In order to verify the plasma membrane continuity between fused neurons and epithelial cells we used the lipophilic membrane tracer DiI. The majority of corneal nerves were labeled with DiI after application to the trigeminal ganglion and, consistent with our ultrastructural observations, fusion sites recognized as DiI-labeled basal epithelial cells were located at points of stromal nerve termination. These studies provide evidence that neuronal-epithelial cell fusion is a cell-cell interaction that occurs primarily in the central cornea, and fusing nerve bundles are morphologically distinct from penetrating nerve bundles. This is, to our knowledge, the first description of neuronal-epithelial cell fusion in the literature adding a new level of complexity to the current understanding of corneal innervation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serial block-face scanning electron microscopy reveals neuronal-epithelial cell fusion in the mouse cornea

Courson

Smith

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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“…Стремясь подтвердить убедительность прекрасных картин Александра Станиславовича в экспериментах на реальных живых нейронах ЦНС и воспроизвести предполагаемые им процессы объединения многих нейронов в ретикулум, мы использовали стандартную методику культивирования изолированных центральных нейронов окологлоточных ганглиев моллюска Limnaea stagnalis [39][40], которые регистрировали с помощью фазово-контрастной микроскопии (рис. 7-9).…”

Section: рисunclassified

The conception of the reticular organization of the nervous tissue of Alexander Dogiel

Os¹,

Markov²

2018

MV-MN

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Резюме: В этом году исполняется 95 лет со дня смерти Александра Станиславовича Догеля, профессора, знаменитого нейрогистолога, прославившего нейрогистологию неповторимыми суправитальными исследованиями нервной системы с помощью красителя метиленового синего. Основополагающие работы Догеля равны по значению трудам Рамон-и-Кахаля, Ретциуса и других общепризнанных неврологов. Принципиальное отличие трудов Догеля от работ великого Рамон-и-Кахаля состоит в том, что ему впервые и безусловно удалось доказать синцитиальную цитоплазматическую связь тел и отростков в системе нейронов. Его работы окончательно подтвердили данные Вагнера, Sosa-Sosa, Кульчицкого и многих других о связи синцитиальных межнейронных комиссур. Он впервые получил бесспорные картины паутиннотонких нервных сетей -настоящий ретикулум. Авторы статьи проанализировали изображения препаратов выдающихся сторонников нейронной теории (Ван Гехухтена, Рамон-и-Кахаля и Ретциуса), подтверждающие возможность синцитиальной связи в нервной системе и доказательств ретикулярной теории. С помощью прижизненных исследований в культуре ткани авторам также удалось доказать возможность синцитиального слияния нервных отростков, появление двуядерных клеток и формирования элементов нервного ретикулума.Ключевые слова: Догель, ретикулярная теория нейронов, нервный ретикулум Summary: 2017 marks the 95th year of the death of Alexander Stanislavovich Dogel, a professor and a famous neurohistologist who added lustre to neurohistology by his unique supravital studies of the nervous system by means of methylene blue. Dogel's basis works are equal in their significance to those of Ramon-y-Kajal, Retzius and other universally acknowledged neurologists. The fundamental difference between the works of Dogel and the works of the great Ramon-y-Kajal is that he was the first to indisputably prove the syncytial and cytoplasmic connection between the soma and the dendrites in the neuron system. His works decisively confirmed the data obtained by Wagner, Sosa-Sosa, Kulchitsky and many others on the connection between syncytial commissural interneurons. He was the first to get apparent images of cobweb-like neural nets -a real reticulum. We have also managed to find original pictures of preparates used by the prominent adherents of the neuron theory -A. Van Gehuchten, Ramon-y-Kajal, Retzius -that confirm the possibility of syncytial connectivity in the neural system and arguments of the reticular theory. The intravital own studies of the tissue allowed the authors of the article to prove the possibility of syncytial fusion of nerve dendrites, emergence of binucleate cells and formation of the nerve reticulum elements.

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“…Retraction cannot prevent any tubulation or transplant. As shown in cultures of neurons the regeneration of fibers begins only after retraction of a substantial portion of the axon [142]. Judging by experiments on living fibers, the distance to which neurites retract can be significant.…”

Section: Chapter 4 Nerve Fiber Trauma and The Retraction Of Axoplasmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties Live Axoplasm

2015

Single Cell Biol

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This book is devoted to the study of physiological properties of a living axoplasm, which, as it turns out, is rarely studied as a single organ. This study revealed a number her new physiological properties. The mechanism of simultaneous currents, bidirectional axoplasm, disappearance streams and reappearance of the apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons in the brain during stress were revealed, as well as the causes of the similarity of nerve terminals regardless of their very different physiological functions. There exists proof of differences in presynaptic terminals of the postsynaptic. The reasons for the impossibility of treating transected axons using surgical sutures are discussed, and finally the cause of the absence of swelling properties in myelinated fibers with hypotension environment is solved. Some new approaches to the treatment of fibers, early manifestations of diastase nonspecific reactions,and Schmidt-Lanterman clefts.

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Use of Cell Culture to Prove Syncytial Connection and Fusion of Neurons

Cited by 4 publications

References 66 publications

Serial block-face scanning electron microscopy reveals neuronal-epithelial cell fusion in the mouse cornea

Serial block-face scanning electron microscopy reveals neuronal-epithelial cell fusion in the mouse cornea

The conception of the reticular organization of the nervous tissue of Alexander Dogiel

Properties Live Axoplasm

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