Use of Catalysts To Reduce SO<sub>x</sub> Emissions from Fluid Catalytic Cracking Units

Rheaume, L.; Ritter, R.E.

doi:10.1021/bk-1988-0375.ch009

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Possible causes thought to be responsible for SO x additives deactivation include (a) reduction of the uptake area and sintering, which can reduce the oxidation activity, , (b) Si migration from the catalyst to the additive, reducing the uptake sites, − (c) V migration from the catalyst to the additive, eliminating adsorption surface sites, mainly for additives not containing V, and (d) formation of stable sulfate on the additive, eliminating adsorption. ,− Most of these causes were demonstrated in conditions or tests that tried to simulate the regenerator environments. Hence, a couple of factors occurred together and their relative effects could not be isolated and compared directly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FCC SO_x Additives Deactivation

Roncolatto

Cardoso

Lam

et al. 2006

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The relative importance of possible factors leading to the deactivation of a commercial SO x emission reduction additive used in the fluid cracking process was evaluated individually. This additive was based on mixed oxides of Mg and Al and contained small amounts of Ce and V. The laboratory deactivation simulation was an extended hydrothermal treatment of the additive by steam with or without the presence of sources of possible poisons such as Si, V, and S. It was observed that a reduction of the area and sintering and migration of V from the catalyst to the additive did not affect the performance of the additive. However, migration of Si from a fresh catalyst or sulfate from an impregnated catalyst drastically reduced the SO x adsorption capacity of the additives. As the migration of Si was important mainly with fresh catalyst, which is present in the inventory of the unit in very small quantity compared to the large amount of equilibrium catalyst, the main factor leading to deactivation of the SO x additives in the industrial operation can be attributed to formation of stable sulfates.

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