“…Therefore, it can increase the friction and probable of collision between the grain particles, resulting in increasing of yield stress. Similar behaviour was also observed by the other researchers (Perrot et al 2012;de Matos et al 2021;Ruviaro et al 2021). On the other hand, viscosity was not significantly affected for the use of MWTS up to 20% (1.52 Pa.s and 1.55 Pa.s) whilst 30% replacement of cement with MWTS increased the viscosity by 14.87% relative to control mixture.…”
Section: Rheological Performancesupporting
confidence: 91%
“…In this perspective, the use of recycled-WTS is promising to develop more cost-effective and eco-efficiency composite. Based on literature survey, some cement mortar mixtures were developed through recycling-WTS (as binder) (Frias et al 2013;Ahmad et al 2018;Godoy et al 2019;He et al 2021;Ruviaro et al 2021). On the other hand, there is no any research that examined the incorporation of calcined WTS with the other waste products as binder into cementitious composites.…”
Section: Research Significancementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Frias et al (Frias et al 2013) used heat-treated calcined kaolinite based WTS and said that 15% PC replacement ratio satisfied mechanical and physical specifications in current European cement codes. In the study of Ruviaro et al (Ruviaro et al 2021), it was concluded that replacing up to 20% PC with calcined WTS caused almost equivalent compressive strength compared to the plain paste and did not significantly influenced the fresh properties.…”
Water treatment sludge (WTS) is produced daily and disposed as hazardous material. It would be advisable to use locally available waste products as supplementary cementitious materials that ensures to be disposed of without harming the environment. As novelty, this research investigated the potential of using recycled-WTS with fly ash (FA) and ground-granulated blast furnace slag (BFS) as ternary blended binders. Thus, it can provide an economical solution and alleviate adverse environmental effects of excessive production of wastes and cement production. Within this scope, the mortars with 0–30 wt% replacement of cement with modified-WTS (MWTS) were produced as binary blend and also, they were combined with FA/BFS as ternary blended binders. Therefore, optimum utilization of waste products into mortar in terms of rheological, mechanical, durability, microstructural properties and environmental-economical aspects were examined. Adding 10% recycled-WTS as binary caused higher strengths with lower porosity measured by Mercury Intrusion Porosimeter test and denser microstructure, as revealed by XRD patterns and SEM results. However, the drawbacks of using recycled-WTS, in terms of rheological parameters and environmental-economical aspects, were suppressed by adding FA/BFS with comparable strength values. Specifically, cost, CO2 footprint and embodied energy were reduced by combining 10% MWTS with FA by 8.87%, 37.88% and 33.07%, respectively, while 90-day compressive and flexural strength were 5.1% and 5.32% lower. This study developed a feasible solution to use recycled-MWTS by obtaining more eco-friendly and cost-effective cement-based materials.
“…Therefore, it can increase the friction and probable of collision between the grain particles, resulting in increasing of yield stress. Similar behaviour was also observed by the other researchers (Perrot et al 2012;de Matos et al 2021;Ruviaro et al 2021). On the other hand, viscosity was not significantly affected for the use of MWTS up to 20% (1.52 Pa.s and 1.55 Pa.s) whilst 30% replacement of cement with MWTS increased the viscosity by 14.87% relative to control mixture.…”
Section: Rheological Performancesupporting
confidence: 91%
“…In this perspective, the use of recycled-WTS is promising to develop more cost-effective and eco-efficiency composite. Based on literature survey, some cement mortar mixtures were developed through recycling-WTS (as binder) (Frias et al 2013;Ahmad et al 2018;Godoy et al 2019;He et al 2021;Ruviaro et al 2021). On the other hand, there is no any research that examined the incorporation of calcined WTS with the other waste products as binder into cementitious composites.…”
Section: Research Significancementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Frias et al (Frias et al 2013) used heat-treated calcined kaolinite based WTS and said that 15% PC replacement ratio satisfied mechanical and physical specifications in current European cement codes. In the study of Ruviaro et al (Ruviaro et al 2021), it was concluded that replacing up to 20% PC with calcined WTS caused almost equivalent compressive strength compared to the plain paste and did not significantly influenced the fresh properties.…”
Water treatment sludge (WTS) is produced daily and disposed as hazardous material. It would be advisable to use locally available waste products as supplementary cementitious materials that ensures to be disposed of without harming the environment. As novelty, this research investigated the potential of using recycled-WTS with fly ash (FA) and ground-granulated blast furnace slag (BFS) as ternary blended binders. Thus, it can provide an economical solution and alleviate adverse environmental effects of excessive production of wastes and cement production. Within this scope, the mortars with 0–30 wt% replacement of cement with modified-WTS (MWTS) were produced as binary blend and also, they were combined with FA/BFS as ternary blended binders. Therefore, optimum utilization of waste products into mortar in terms of rheological, mechanical, durability, microstructural properties and environmental-economical aspects were examined. Adding 10% recycled-WTS as binary caused higher strengths with lower porosity measured by Mercury Intrusion Porosimeter test and denser microstructure, as revealed by XRD patterns and SEM results. However, the drawbacks of using recycled-WTS, in terms of rheological parameters and environmental-economical aspects, were suppressed by adding FA/BFS with comparable strength values. Specifically, cost, CO2 footprint and embodied energy were reduced by combining 10% MWTS with FA by 8.87%, 37.88% and 33.07%, respectively, while 90-day compressive and flexural strength were 5.1% and 5.32% lower. This study developed a feasible solution to use recycled-MWTS by obtaining more eco-friendly and cost-effective cement-based materials.
“…The superplasticizer (SP) content of pastes with OSW was adjusted to reach an equivalent flowability (i.e., a minislump of 80 ± 5 mm). A similar approach was used in previous studies that evaluated the incorporation of waste as a partial replacement of OPC [19][20][21]. Table 1 shows the detailed pastes' compositions.…”
The ornamental stone industry generates large amounts of waste thus creating environmental and human health hazards. Thus, pastes with 0–30 wt.% ornamental stone waste (OSW) incorporated into ordinary Portland cement (OPC) were produced and their rheological properties, hydration kinetics, and mechanical properties were evaluated. The CO2 equivalent emissions related to the pastes production were estimated for each composition. The results showed that the paste with 10 wt.% of OSW exhibited similar yield stress compared to the plain OPC paste, while pastes with 20 and 30 wt.% displayed reduced yield stresses up to 15%. OSW slightly enhanced the hydration kinetics compared to plain OPC, increasing the main heat flow peak and 90-h cumulative heat values. The incorporation of OSW reduced the 1-, 3-, and 28-days compressive strength of the pastes. Water absorption results agreed with the 28 days compressive strength results, indicating that OSW increased the volume of permeable voids. Finally, OSW incorporation progressively reduced the CO2 emission per m3 of OPC paste, reaching a 31% reduction for the highest 30 wt.% OSW content. Overall, incorporating up to 10 wt.% with OSW led to pastes with comparable fresh and hardened properties as comported to plain OPC paste.
“…8 Balikpapan merupakan produk samping dari proses pengolahan air minum yang berasal dari air permukaan. Lumpur tersebut terbentuk karena endapan partikel koloid yang dipercepat untuk mengendap dengan menggunakan bahan kimia aluminium [8], [9]. Sejumlah penelitian telah meneliti pemanfaatan sludge sebagai bahan untuk temporary landfill cover, dan hasilnya menunjukkan kualitas yang positif saat diperkuat dengan metode MICP (Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation) [10], [5].…”
In the development of waste management, piles of rubbish can produce liquid waste called leachate. Leachate from landfills can affect human health and pollute the environment and aquatic biota because leachate contains various chemical compounds and many pathogenic bacteria. To minimize the impact of landfill waste on the surrounding environment, the waste is covered with material that can isolate it from the surrounding environment. This research aims to determine the optimal level of cementation solution addition to waste sludge as temporary landfill cover using the MICP method. The research results reveal that the sample permeability meets the criteria for a temporary cover landfill, where the permeability specification limits are between 10-4 to 10-5 cm/s. The research revealed that 0.25M cementation solution and Bacillus Subtilis bacteria had the lowest permeability. Soil without cementation solution has a permeability coefficient value of 5.04×10-4 cm/s, and decreases to 6.67×10-5 cm/s with a cementation solution concentration of 0.25M over a 28-day peram period. Variations in the 0.25M cementation solution showed its ability to reduce soil permeability by up to 86.7%. Permeability has decreased, which means the soil pores are getting smaller. Thus, this addition can reduce soil permeability and minimize the possibility of environmental damage by leachate.
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