Use of Botulinum Toxin Type a in Management of Adult Spasticity - A European Consensus Statement

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

“…To enhance the effects of BoNT-X, various rehabilitative techniques have been utilized, including stretching (3), functional electrical stimulation (4), taping (5) and therapeutic exercise (6). Even if the association of BoNT-X with rehabilitative treatments is accepted (7), there is no agreement as to which treatment is the most effective in the early phase after its administration. Moreover, there is no evidence that any one treatment is better than another for lower limb spasticity in patients after stroke.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A single-blinded, randomized pilot study of botulinum toxin type A combined with non-pharmacological treatment for spastic foot

Baricich

¹

,

Carda²,

Bertoni³

et al. 2008

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Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

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“…The recommendations the British guidelines [6] and the European consensus statement [7] do not take this into account. These recommendations are based mainly on the opinion of experts (level C evidence).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the guidelines recommend that BoNT is used only as an adjunct to other therapeutic modalities. Similarly, a European consensus statement [7] endorses the use of BoNT in the management of focal and multi focal spasticity but concludes that "before using botulinum toxin type A the team must ensure that an appropriate rehabilitation management programme is in place and available post-injection". Although the recommended rehabilitation programme is not spelled out in this document, it is implicit that some form of therapy intervention is considered a requisite for the use of BoNT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Botulinum Toxin as a Stand-Alone Treatment for Muscle Spasticity: Review of the Evidence

Bakheit

¹

2013

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Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

Use of Botulinum Toxin Type a in Management of Adult Spasticity - A European Consensus Statement

Cited by 66 publications

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BoNT-A related changes of cortical activity in patients suffering from severe hand paralysis with arm spasticity following ischemic stroke

BoNT-A related changes of cortical activity in patients suffering from severe hand paralysis with arm spasticity following ischemic stroke

A single-blinded, randomized pilot study of botulinum toxin type A combined with non-pharmacological treatment for spastic foot

Botulinum Toxin as a Stand-Alone Treatment for Muscle Spasticity: Review of the Evidence

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