1996
DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.61.1.30
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Use of botulinum toxin in stroke patients with severe upper limb spasticity.

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Cited by 174 publications
(112 citation statements)
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“…We found that the effects of BTX-A at 1 month continued through month 3, which was compatible with the literature. Bhakta et al (32) showed that the effects of BTX-A were sustained 11 months later in patients who were also involved in a regular rehabilitation program. Findings reported in some studies including a decrease in effectiveness at 12 months and differences in functional status may be caused by insufficient dose, patient selection, existence of contractures, and lack of effective and sufficient rehabilitation program (3,7,10).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…We found that the effects of BTX-A at 1 month continued through month 3, which was compatible with the literature. Bhakta et al (32) showed that the effects of BTX-A were sustained 11 months later in patients who were also involved in a regular rehabilitation program. Findings reported in some studies including a decrease in effectiveness at 12 months and differences in functional status may be caused by insufficient dose, patient selection, existence of contractures, and lack of effective and sufficient rehabilitation program (3,7,10).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…An effective physical therapy and rehabilitation program in the early period of stroke is necessary for the improvement of spasticity, and studies showed that a combination of BTX-A and physical therapy and rehabilitation program was better than using them separately (32,33,34,35). In our study, all patients were included in a physical therapy and rehabilitation program in the early period of stroke, which might account for the improvement in all scales.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Muscles were located by palpation and were injected at the standard site used for electromyography (EMG). 7 The NM technique consisted of a sliding mobilization of the sciatic nerve. The NM treatment started the day after the BoNT-A injection and continued for 4 sessions per week for a total period of 4 weeks.…”
Section: Case Reportmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Lower limb spasticity causes severe functional limitations and pain. [5][6][7] Botulinum toxin type A derived from C botulinum, when injected into a spastic muscle, inhibits acetylcholine release, causing blockade of the neuromuscular patches without affecting the antagonist muscles. 8 Preliminary reports have suggested a role for botulinum toxin in the treatment of spasticity because it can reduce the degree of spasticity in both the upper and lower limbs.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The muscle was localized by the standard anatomical landmarks used in needle electromyography. 21 Standard dilutions of BoNT-A in isotonic sodium chloride solution were used.…”
Section: Case Reportmentioning
confidence: 99%