Use of botulinum A toxin in irreducible shoulder dislocation caused by spasm of pectoralis major

Direction-specific recruitment of rotator cuff muscles during bench press and row

“…Higher pectoralis major activity was recorded during the bench press with higher latissimus dorsi activity during the row exercise. Evidence indicates that activity in pectoralis major can cause an anterior displacement of the humeral head (McMahon et al, 2002;Sinha et al, 1999) which infers that activity in latissimus dorsi will result in posterior humeral head translation. Similar to the manner in which the inferior RC muscles prevent deltoid from superiorly translating the humeral head during shoulder abduction (Blasier et al, 1992;Inman et al, 1944;Sharkey et al, 1994), RC muscles are recruited during bench press and row exercises to prevent antero-posterior displacement of the humeral head.…”

Stability and instability of the glenohumeral joint: The role of shoulder muscles

“…They theorized that eccentric contraction of the pectoralis major muscle had led to both injuries. Furthermore, Sinha et al 38 reported that a refractory shoulder dislocation associated with pectoralis major spasm was successfully reduced after paralysis of the pectoralis major with botulinum A toxin.…”

Origin of Medial and Lateral Pectoral Nerves from the Supraclavicular Part of Brachial Plexus and its Clinical Importance – A Case Report

“…The lateral pectoral nerve supplied the pectoralis major and the medial pectoral nerve supplied pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles through two separate branches. post-operative pain and in shoulder dislocations caused by spasm of pectoralis major muscle, to reduce the muscle spasm [5][6][7]. Knowing the exact topography of these nerves and their possible variations can contribute tremendously to the success of these procedures.…”