Use of Botanicals in Food Supplements

Coppens, Patrick; Delmulle, Luc; Gulati, O. P.; Richardson, David; Ruthsatz, M.; Sievers, Hartwig; Sidani, Souraya

doi:10.1159/000098146

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…2 This includes requirements for safety, composition, labelling and manufacture, 3 and also includes specific rules on nutrition and health claims. Botanical medicinal products fall under medicinal product legislation, and in this case there are also detailed rules relating to the safety, quality and efficacy of such products.…”

Section: Efficacy Of Plant Food Supplements and European Regulatory Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the efficacy of green tea, isoflavones and aloe vera supplements based on randomised controlled trials

Williamson

Coppens²,

Serra-Majem

et al. 2011

Food Funct.

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We assess the evidence for health benefits of three commonly consumed plant food supplements (PFS), green tea, isoflavone and aloe vera, based on published systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Whilst the potential benefits of green tea have been reported in a wide range of health areas, it is only in the area of the metabolic syndrome that the number of RCTs is approaching sufficient to judge such efficacy. Isoflavone supplements are widely used, and RCTs indicate that they affect bone resorption at lower doses in postmenopausal women undergoing estrogen-related bone loss, but this is only translated to attenuation of bone loss at higher doses of isoflavones. A systematic review on RCTs concluded that the effects of isoflavones on hot flashes in postmenopausal women were highly variable and no conclusions could be drawn. Despite the popularity of aloe vera as a PFS, the evaluation of its efficacy as a coadjuvant therapy for certain metabolic or digestive pathologies remains scarce; it constitutes a typical example of a naturally occurring ingredient whose efficacy in topical applications presupposes its efficacy in systemic applications. Nevertheless, its possible toxic effects on oral consumption call for caution in its utility as a PFS. Since 2007, efficacy evaluation of PFS in Europe has been covered by European Union Nutrition and Health Claims legislation. The European Food Safety Authority has adopted an approach relying on RCTs, while medicinal effects are accepted based on traditional use. In general, there are insufficient RCTs for claims to be made, and conclusive results on PFS should be obtained in the future by conducting studies with more homogeneous populations, by using supplements with optimised and measured bioavailability, and by conducting larger RCTs.

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Section: Efficacy Of Plant Food Supplements and European Regulatory Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the efficacy of green tea, isoflavones and aloe vera supplements based on randomised controlled trials

Williamson

Coppens²,

Serra-Majem

et al. 2011

Food Funct.

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“…However, it is important to emphasize that the use of negative lists should be considered with care, since it would preclude use of the botanical entity for all applications, whereas the safety of derivatives, extracts or isolates can frequently be demonstrated. [80] One of the most well-known examples is the use of Aconitum in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In TCM, Aconitum rootstocks are processed by soaking them in water, then cooking for 4-6 h, or steaming them for 6-8 h, in order to hydrolyse the aconite alkaloids into their less toxic aconine derivatives.…”

Section: Safety Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In TCM, Aconitum rootstocks are processed by soaking them in water, then cooking for 4-6 h, or steaming them for 6-8 h, in order to hydrolyse the aconite alkaloids into their less toxic aconine derivatives. [81] So, according to Copegus and coworkers, [80] the compilation of such lists must take into account several considerations:…”

Section: Safety Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This principle does not allow classifi cation of a specifi c botanical as such, but should always be applied to the intended use of a specifi c product containing the botanical at specifi c conditions/dosage. [80] While several countries have developed a coherent body of food-related le gislation, they have also attempted to agree on common rules at an international level. Negotiations are carried out in regular meetings of specialized Codex Committees established by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO), e.g.…”

Section: Legislationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Raw materials: the importance of quality and safety. A review.

Salgueiro

Martins

Correia

2010

Flavour & Fragrance J

107

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Aromatic plants and spices are used throughout the world for fl avouring food and beverages, as well as for food supplements, novel foods and as a source of essential oils and aromatic extracts. The non-availability or inadequacy of standards for checking and assuring the quality of aromatic plants and spices is one of the main problems that arise for industry when using such raw materials. As many aromatic plants are harvested from the wild, standardization to assure their quality is important for their safe and eff ective utilization in food and beverage industries. On the other hand, there are numerous parameters that infl uence the chemical composition of plants, which play an important role in the fi nal quality of the product and possibly in any risk arising to the consumer. Also, from a safety point of view, aromatic plants and spices should be free of undeclared contaminants and adulterants, such as toxic botanicals, pathogenic microorganisms and excessive levels of microbial toxins, pesticides or fumigation agents. We focus on these aspects and examine ways to assure their appropriate utilization from the quality and safety standpoint. The regulatory situation of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) is very complicated; several diff erences in standards and regulations between countries can be found, a situation that can result in more health risks arising for consumers. To clarify some of the existing problems, the major regulations of the USA and the European Union (EU) and the borderlines between food supplements and medicines and other international standards, are briefl y described and discussed.

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“…Currently, there is a growing number of products with potential health benefits for consumers available on the food market, including foods, fortified foods (with minerals, vitamins or botanical extracts) and dietary supplements (ILSI, 2003;Schilter et al, 2003;Coppens et al, 2006;Kroes, Walker, 2004). Excessive exposure to dietary supplements and limited information available on the toxicity of some food ingredients have raised major concerns amongst scientific and regulatory communities over their safety (ILSI, 2003;Abdel-Rahman et al, 2011;Speijers et al, 2010;Van Breeman, Fong, Farnsworth, 2008;Kroes, Walker, 2004;Seef, 2009;Bunchorntavakul, Reddy, 2013;Stickel et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical analysis of the hepatotoxicity cases described in the literature related to Herbalife (r) products

Zambrone¹,

Corrêa²,

Amaral³

2015

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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The aim of this study was to assess the hepatotoxicity cases described in the literature, attributed to the consumption of Herbalife ® products, and to determine whether a causal relationship exists between the reported cases of liver injury and the use of these products. A literature search was performed on the PubMed, LILACS and PAHO databases. Seven publications reporting a total of 53 cases of hepatotoxicity linked to the use of Herbalife ® products were retrieved. All of the studies lacked sufficient information to some degree, whether related to patients' history, concomitant use of medication and/or other compounds (including alcohol), observations on interrupted use (dechallenge), results found with markers, viral serology and autoantibodies or observations concerning re-exposure to the products. In addition to these items, the lack of clear information on the type of products evaluated and their respective composition is an important factor to be considered. Furthermore, data quality was also questionable due to the presence of confounding factors, absence of proper exclusion of alternative explanations, and the use of questionable methods for attributing causality. Hence, an association between hepatotoxicity and consumption of these products cannot be proven based on the data collected and rigorous scientific analysis.Uniterms: Hepatotoxicity. Herbalife ® . Herbalife products ®/ consumption/hepatotoxicity. Dietary supplements. Causality assessment.Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os casos de hepatotoxicidade descritos em literatura, atribuídos ao consumo de produtos Herbalife ® , e verificar se é possível ou não estabelecer uma relação de causalidade entre eles. Realizou-se levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados PubMed, LILACS e PAHO e foram encontrados 7 manuscritos reportando 53 casos de hepatotoxicidade, relacionados ao uso de produtos Herbalife. Observou-se que todos trazem, de alguma forma, quantidade insuficiente de informações em relação ao histórico dos pacientes, ao uso concomitante de medicamentos e/ou outros compostos (incluindo álcool), às observações após a interrupção do uso (dechallenge), aos resultados referentes a marcadores e sorologia virais e autoanticorpos e às observações quanto à reexposição aos produtos. Some-se a estes fatos a falta de identificação clara e comprovada do tipo de produto envolvido, assim como sua composição. Além disso, a qualidade dos dados também é questionável devido à presença de variáveis de confundimento, ausência de exclusão adequada de explicações alternativas e ao uso de métodos discutíveis de atribuição de causalidade. Desta forma, a associação entre hepatotoxicidade e o consumo destes produtos não pode ser comprovada, após observar o conjunto dos dados coletados, utilizando-se rigor técnico-cientifico.

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Use of Botanicals in Food Supplements

Cited by 36 publications

References 8 publications

Review of the efficacy of green tea, isoflavones and aloe vera supplements based on randomised controlled trials

Review of the efficacy of green tea, isoflavones and aloe vera supplements based on randomised controlled trials

Raw materials: the importance of quality and safety. A review.

A critical analysis of the hepatotoxicity cases described in the literature related to Herbalife (r) products

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