Abstract:The present study reports the first analysis of water pollutants in Sri Lankan waters using a suite of biomarkers in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) residing in Bolgoda Lake which receives urban, industrial and domestic wastes from multiple sources. The fish were collected from the lake in the dry period (April 2005) and wet periods (September 2005, October 2006) and the levels of biomarkers viz. hepatic ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), metallothioneins, biliary fluore… Show more
“…The hepatic GST activities in the control Nile tilapia used in the present study were higher than the values reported for the control fish used in our earlier study (Pathiratne et al 2009). This may be due to the use of higher temperature condition (30°C) of the assay medium in this study to reflect the natural temperature conditions in the Lake.…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 86%
“…The ChE activities in the brain and muscle homogenates of individual fish were determined at 25°C using acetylthiocholine iodide as the substrate following the method of Ellman et al (1961) as described earlier (Pathiratne et al 2008). Microsomal and cytosolic fractions of liver tissues were prepared by differential centrifugation (Pathiratne et al 2009). GST in the liver cytosol fraction was measured at 30°C by following the conjugation of glutathione at 340 nm using 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as the substrate (Habig et al 1974).…”
Biomarkers measured at the molecular and cellular level in fish have been proposed as sensitive "early warning" tools for biological effect measurements in environmental quality assessments. Lake Beira is a hypertrophic urban water body with a complex mixture of pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Microcystins. In this study, a suite of biomarker responses viz. biliary fluorescent aromatic compounds (FACs), hepatic ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), brain and muscle cholinesterases (ChE), serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), and liver histology of Oreochromis niloticus, the dominant fish inhabiting this tropical Lake were evaluated to assess the pollution exposure and biological effects. Some fish sampled in the dry periods demonstrated prominent structural abnormalities in the liver and concomitant increase in serum SDH and reduction in hepatic GST activities in comparison to the control fish and the fish sampled in the rainy periods. The resident fish with apparently normal liver demonstrated induction of hepatic EROD and GST activities and increase in biliary FACs irrespective of the sampling period indicating bioavailability of PAHs. Muscle ChE activities of the resident fish were depressed significantly indicating exposure to anticholinesterase substances. The results revealed that fish populations residing in this Lake is under threat due to the pollution stress. Hepatic abnormalities in the fish may be mainly associated with the pollution stress due to recurrent exposure to PAHs and toxigenic Microcystis blooms in the Lake.
“…The hepatic GST activities in the control Nile tilapia used in the present study were higher than the values reported for the control fish used in our earlier study (Pathiratne et al 2009). This may be due to the use of higher temperature condition (30°C) of the assay medium in this study to reflect the natural temperature conditions in the Lake.…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 86%
“…The ChE activities in the brain and muscle homogenates of individual fish were determined at 25°C using acetylthiocholine iodide as the substrate following the method of Ellman et al (1961) as described earlier (Pathiratne et al 2008). Microsomal and cytosolic fractions of liver tissues were prepared by differential centrifugation (Pathiratne et al 2009). GST in the liver cytosol fraction was measured at 30°C by following the conjugation of glutathione at 340 nm using 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as the substrate (Habig et al 1974).…”
Biomarkers measured at the molecular and cellular level in fish have been proposed as sensitive "early warning" tools for biological effect measurements in environmental quality assessments. Lake Beira is a hypertrophic urban water body with a complex mixture of pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Microcystins. In this study, a suite of biomarker responses viz. biliary fluorescent aromatic compounds (FACs), hepatic ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), brain and muscle cholinesterases (ChE), serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), and liver histology of Oreochromis niloticus, the dominant fish inhabiting this tropical Lake were evaluated to assess the pollution exposure and biological effects. Some fish sampled in the dry periods demonstrated prominent structural abnormalities in the liver and concomitant increase in serum SDH and reduction in hepatic GST activities in comparison to the control fish and the fish sampled in the rainy periods. The resident fish with apparently normal liver demonstrated induction of hepatic EROD and GST activities and increase in biliary FACs irrespective of the sampling period indicating bioavailability of PAHs. Muscle ChE activities of the resident fish were depressed significantly indicating exposure to anticholinesterase substances. The results revealed that fish populations residing in this Lake is under threat due to the pollution stress. Hepatic abnormalities in the fish may be mainly associated with the pollution stress due to recurrent exposure to PAHs and toxigenic Microcystis blooms in the Lake.
“…Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) which is a widespread food fish species in tropical countries has been suggested as a test species for biomonitoring of aquatic pollution in tropical environments (Gold-Bouchot et al 2006;Pathiratne et al 2009). Objective of this study was to compare the effects of commonly occurring five selected PAHs containing two to four fused aromatic rings viz.…”
Despite ubiquity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the tropical environments, little information is available concerning responses of tropical fish to PAHs and associated toxicity. In the present study, effects of five PAHs containing two to four aromatic rings on hepatic CYP1A dependent ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) activities in Nile tilapia, a potential fish species for biomonitoring pollution in tropical waters, were evaluated. Results showed that EROD activities were induced by the PAHs containing four aromatic rings (pyrene and chrysene) in a dose dependent manner. However PAHs with two to three aromatic rings (naphthalene, phenanthrene and fluoranthene) caused no effect or inhibition of EROD activities depending on the dose and the duration. Fluoranthene was the most potent inhibitor. SDH results demonstrated that high doses of fluoranthene induced hepatic damage. GST activity was induced by the lowest dose of phenanthrene, fluoranthene and chrysene but high doses had no effect. The results indicate that induction of EROD enzyme in Nile tilapia is a useful biomarker of exposure to PAHs such as pyrene and chrysene. However EROD inhibiting PAHs such as fluoranthene in the natural environment may modulate the EROD inducing potential of other PAHs thereby influencing PAH exposure assessments.
“…In this study, gastrointestinal and hepatic activities for trypsinlike and chymotrypsin-like peptidases and for β-glucosidase were relatively with low variation among the specimens. This was relevant, since the biochemical parameters such as enzymatic activities were usually affected by the pollutants ( Van der Oost et al 2003;Pathiratne et al 2009;Kuz'mina et al 2013). Thus, before specific comparisons between the two reservoirs, one must point out that these hydrolases are promising biomarker for future studies given the acceptable low intraspecific variations and the easy assaying of their activities with chromogenic or natural substrates.…”
Enzymatic activities for digestion of proteins and carbohydrates were compared among three organs of the digestive system of Pimelodus maculatus in two reservoirs with different trophic conditions during the winter of 2006. The aim was to test the hypothesis that enzymatic activity for the digestion of proteins and carbohydrates differed among organs and that such activities differ between the trophic state of the environment. Enzymatic activities were determined through the assays of specificity for trypsin, chymotrypsin and β-glucosidase enzymes. The intestine had higher trypsin-like enzymatic activities compared to the stomach and liver. The highest β-glucosidase activity was found in the liver compared to the stomach and intestine in the oligotrophic reservoir only. Overall, enzymatic activity did not differ between the eutrophic and oligotrophic reservoirs, although the intestinal chymotrypsin was comparatively higher in the eutrophic reservoir and the hepatic β-glucosidase was higher in the oligotrophicreservoir. These findings indicated that most digestive activity occurred in the intestine for P. maculatus, which was probably related to its omnivorous/carnivorous feeding habits. The highest proteolytic activity in the intestine was expected for most fishes, but the high hepatic β-glucosidase in the oligotrophic reservoir was unexpected. The hepatic β-glucosidase as well as the intestinal chymotrypsin-like activity could be considered as the candidates for biomarkers of environmental quality.
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