Use of Biochar Produced from Elephant Grass by Pyrolysis in a Screw Reactor as a Soil Amendment

Ferreira, Suelem Daiane; Manera, Christian; Silvestre, Wendel Paulo; Pauletti, Gabriel Fernandes; Altafini, Carlos Roberto; Godinho, Marcelo

doi:10.1007/s12649-018-0347-1

Cited by 40 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The pH values of the biochar for different pyrolysis temperatures were found to be 9.10, 9.86 and 10.17 for the pyrolysis temperature of 400, 500 and 600 °C respective (Table 1). These pH values are comparable with the safflower seed cake (Angın 2013), Achnatherum splendens L. (Irfan et al 2016), Arundo donax L. (Saikia et al 2015), Elephant Grass (Ferreira et al 2019), dairy manure and poultry litter (Cantrell et al 2012). Normally, the pH value increases for higher pyrolysis temperature as the alkalinity of the biochars increases with a higher temperature (Yuan et al 2011).…”

Section: Higher Heating Value (Hhv)/calorific Value (Cv) and Ph Valuementioning

confidence: 53%

Biochar characterization of invasive Pennisetum purpureum grass: effect of pyrolysis temperature

Reza

Afroze

Bakar

et al. 2020

Biochar

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Pennisetum purpureum is one of the most invasive perennial grasses of the Poaceae family, which are abundant in southeast Asia including Brunei Darussalam. The pyrolysis process at a slow heating rate proved to be highly promising for biochar production. The production and characterization of different Pennisetum purpureum biochars have been investigated at the pyrolysis temperatures of 400 °C, 500 °C and 600 °C with a heating and nitrogen flow rate of 5 °C/min and 0.5 L/min, respectively. The observed higher heating values were 22.18 MJ/kg, 23.02 MJ/kg, 23.75 MJ/kg, and the alkaline pH were 9.10, 9.86, 10.17 for the biochar at 400 °C, 500 °C, 600 °C temperatures, respectively. The water holding capacity was one hundred percent for all biochars and continued to increase for higher pyrolysis temperature. SEM images show that the porosity of the biochars has been enhanced with increased temperatures due to the rearrangement of crystallinity and aromaticity. On the other hand, the yields of biochar have been decreased from 35.13% to 23.02% for the increase of pyrolysis temperature from 400 °C to 600 °C. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis shows that the O/C atomic ratios were 0.15, 0.08 and 0.06 for the biochar of 400, 500 and 600 °C which validates the improvement in heating values. FT-IR analysis revealed that the available functional groups in the biochars were CO , C=C, and C-H. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under pyrolysis condition showed residue of 46.56%, 51.13% and 55.67% from the biochar at 400, 500, and 600 °C, respectively. The derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) graph indicates that the degradation rate is higher for 400 °C biochar than the 600 °C biochar.

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Section: Higher Heating Value (Hhv)/calorific Value (Cv) and Ph Valuementioning

confidence: 53%

Biochar characterization of invasive Pennisetum purpureum grass: effect of pyrolysis temperature

Reza

Afroze

Bakar

et al. 2020

Biochar

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“…Similarly, N content of maize-straw biochar decreased from 1.25% (300 °C) to 1.20% (500 °C) (Song Fig. 5 Impact of feedstock and pyrolytic temperature on chemical properties of biochar (data obtained from Table 1) et al 2018), and that of elephant-grass biochar decreased from 3.87% (400 °C) to 2.15% (600 °C) (Ferreira et al 2018), due to a rise of the pyrolytic temperature. Acidified biochar (pre-pyrolysis) decreased the total N content, which was attributed to volatilization loss of N during pyrolysis (Sahin et al 2017).…”

Section: Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 94%

Biochar and its importance on nutrient dynamics in soil and plant

Hossain

Bahar

Sarkar

et al. 2020

Biochar

319

125

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Biochar, an environmentally friendly soil conditioner, is produced using several thermochemical processes. It has unique characteristics like high surface area, porosity, and surface charges. This paper reviews the fertilizer value of biochar, and its effects on soil properties, and nutrient use efficiency of crops. Biochar serves as an important source of plant nutrients, especially nitrogen in biochar produced from manures and wastes at low temperature (≤ 400 °C). The phosphorus, potassium, and other nutrient contents are higher in manure/waste biochars than those in crop residues and woody biochars. The nutrient contents and pH of biochar are positively correlated with pyrolysis temperature, except for nitrogen content. Biochar improves the nutrient retention capacity of soil, which depends on porosity and surface charge of biochar. Biochar increases nitrogen retention in soil by reducing leaching and gaseous loss, and also increases phosphorus availability by decreasing the leaching process in soil. However, for potassium and other nutrients, biochar shows inconsistent (positive and negative) impacts on soil. After addition of biochar, porosity, aggregate stability, and amount of water held in soil increase and bulk density decreases. Mostly, biochar increases soil pH and, thus, influences nutrient availability for plants. Biochar also alters soil biological properties by increasing microbial populations, enzyme activity, soil respiration, and microbial biomass. Finally, nutrient use efficiency and nutrient uptake improve with the application of biochar to soil. Thus, biochar can be a potential nutrient reservoir for plants and a good amendment to improve soil properties.

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“…The activation time was 50 min for the production of activated charcoal at a temperature of 600 °C with an impregnation ratio of about 40%. Recently, Ferreria et al [83] developed a screw reactor to produce biochar from elephant grass. The reactor temperature during the experimental study ranged between 400 and 600 °C.…”

Section: Screw Type Pyrolyzermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of absolute pressure (0.1-1.5 MPa) and peak temperature (400-550 °C) on pyrolysis behaviour of twophase olive mill wastes was examined by Manya et al [107]. Increasing both absolute pressure and peak temperature results in a decrease in biochar yield; however, the fixed carbon yield increases [83,107]. Furthermore, Manya et al [108] investigated the effect of particle size along with pressure and peak temperature on the stability of vine shoot-derived biochar.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Biochar Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive review on production and utilization of biochar

2019

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The on-farm burning of crop residues and biomass results in numerous environmental issues and affects human beings. Crop residues have considerable energy potential if utilized appropriately. Crop residues can be converted into biochar through thermo-chemical routes; conversion helps in the managing and handling of biomass. Biochar reactors usually operate at temperatures between 400 and 600 °C with fixed carbon contents ranging from 60 to 85%. The application of this biochar to soil improves the physiochemical characteristics of soil because biochar is rich in organic carbon content, which makes the soil more fertile and acts as a carbon sequestration agent over the long term. Biochar itself is considered a source nutrient and can alter the soil nutrient pools and availability. Biochar applied up to 10 cm depth of soil may decrease the denitrification potential and lower N 2 O emission, greatly controlling leaching of mobile nutrients such as potassium, thus improving water use efficiency, nutrient availability and plant growth. Furthermore, it reduces the leaching of nitrogen into the groundwater and increases the water retention and cation-exchange capacity while moderating the soil's acidity, resulting in improved soil fertility. This article discusses different biochar production processes and various feedstocks and characteristics of biochar. The factors affecting biochar production and advantages of the utilization of biochar in soil are also reviewed.

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Use of Biochar Produced from Elephant Grass by Pyrolysis in a Screw Reactor as a Soil Amendment

Cited by 40 publications

References 53 publications

Biochar characterization of invasive Pennisetum purpureum grass: effect of pyrolysis temperature

Biochar characterization of invasive Pennisetum purpureum grass: effect of pyrolysis temperature

Biochar and its importance on nutrient dynamics in soil and plant

Comprehensive review on production and utilization of biochar

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